7 research outputs found

    Influência da densidade de jogos na demanda fisiológica de jogadores de futebol durante uma temporada competitiva

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    Os hormônios testosterona e cortisol possuem ação antagônica no organismo, sendo a razão testosterona/cortisol usada para apreciar o estado anabólico/catabólico dos jogadores de futebol. Buscou-se avaliar as variações nas concentrações desses hormônios ao longo de uma temporada competitiva de alta densidade. Participaram do estudo 23 atletas do sexo masculino de uma equipe da primeira divisão do futebol nacional no contexto da Copa do Mundo, divididos em titulares e reservas. Coletou-se 7 amostras de sangue durante o calendário de jogos (M0 a M6). Para a análise estatística utilizou-se a ANOVA two way para medidas repetidas seguida do post hoc de Tukey. Obteve-se uma matriz de correlação entre as variáveis através do coeficiente de Pearson. O nível de significância foi de p<0,05. Os titulares apresentaram maiores concentrações de testosterona em comparação aos reservas em M0 e M4. As concentrações de cortisol foram menores nos reservas em relação aos titulares em M2, M3, M5 e M6. Nos titulares e reservas a razão T/C apresentou correlação significativa com a densidade de jogos (r= -0,94 e r= -0,80, respectivamente), sendo as diferenças nas médias da razão T/C significativas entre titulares e reservas em M2, M3, M5 e M6. O estudo confirma a relação entre a magnitude da variação hormonal com a maior demanda fisiológica de uma temporada com alto volume de jogos. Conclui-se assim que a avaliação das respostas do sistema endócrino pode auxiliar no planejamento das sessões de treinamento

    Cinética da creatina quinase em jogadores de futebol profissional em uma temporada competitiva.

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    Concentrações plasmáticas de creatina quinase (CK) têm sido utilizadas como um indicador do estresse imposto à musculatura esquelética decorrente da atividade em várias modalidades esportivas. Porém, ainda não há estudos longitudinais sobre a cinética pós jogo dessa enzima de forma seriada no Futebol durante uma temporada competitiva. O objetivo foi analisar a cinética da concentração plasmática de CK em coletas seriadas em diferentes momentos pós jogo durante uma temporada competitiva de Futebol sem interrupção do cronograma de treinamentos. Participaram do estudo 17 atletas profissionais de Futebol (22,2±3,1 anos, 179±6,0 cm de altura, 9,5±1,1% de gordura corporal e 67,0±3,5 mLO2/kg/min) foram monitorados durante três meses do campeonato nacional.A concentração plasmática da CK foi mensurada antes do início da pré-temporada (PRE) e em quatro ocasiões após dos jogos (PÓS-1 (12-20h), PÓS-2 (36-48h), PÓS-3 (60-65h) e PÓS-4 (90-110h). Os valores da concentração plasmática de CK foram maiores em todas as em comparação com a fase PRE (p<0,05). PÓS-2 foi menor que PÓS-1 e maior que PÓS-3 e 4 (p<0,05). PÓS-3 e PÓS=4 foram semelhantes. O estudo permitiu concluir que a rotina de treinamentos dos jogadores influenciou a cinética de remoção da CK, apresentando sua concentração pico entre 12-20h pós jogo, retornando aos valores normais de treinamento em 60-65h. Tal procedimento pode ser utilizado com o objetivo de se monitorar o estado de recuperação dos atletas e a intensidade dos jogos e treinamentos.Serum creatine kinase (CK) concentration has been widely used as an indicator of skeletal muscle damage in sports. However, there are no longitudinal studies on post-game CK kinetics in Soccer during a competitive season. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum CK kinetics in professional Soccer players at different post-game times during a competitive season without training interruption. Seventeen professional Soccer players (age: 22.2±3.1 years, height: 179±6.0 cm, body fat percentage: 9.5±1.1, and 67.0±3.5 mL O2/kg/min) were evaluated over a period of 3 months of the national championship. Serum CK concentration was measured before the beginning of the season (baseline) and at four different times after a Soccer game (post-1: 12-20 h, post-2: 36-48 h, post-3: 60-65 h, and post-4: 90-110 h). Plasma CK concentrations were higher at all times when compared to baseline (p<0.05). Post-2 CK concentration was lower than post-1 and higher than post-3 and -4 (p<0.05), with no significant differences between post-3 and post-4. In conclusion, serum CK kinetics was influenced by the training routine of the Soccer players, with a peak between 12 and 20 h after the game, returning to normal within 60-65 h. This procedure can be used to monitor the recovery state of athletes and game and training intensities

    Repeated-sprint ability determined in game in elite male Brazilian football players.

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    Purpose: To analyse if the ability of elite Brazilian football athletes to perform repeated sprints, evaluated in real game situations, correlates with their previously determined VO2max. Methods: We analysed data from 10 male elite Brazilian football athletes, who had their movements monitored in the field through GPS devices, during 17 matches of official championships. For analysis of athletes? movements in the field, we considered a block of repeated sprints (BRS), activities characterised by at least 3 sprints with velocity ?20 km/h separated by a maximum of 21 s between each sprint. Results: There was no correlation between the ability to perform BRS in real game situations and the previously determined VO2max of athletes (r = 0.5828; p = 0.0770). On the other side, there was a positive correlation between the performance of blocks of repeated sprints and the number of actions within the blocks (r = 0.6712; p = 0.0336), and a negative correlation between the performance of blocks of repeated sprints and the recovery time between one block and another (r = ?0.9191; p = 0.0002). Conclusions: Repeated-sprint ability determined in the game in elite male Brazilian football players is not correlated with VO2max

    Intensidade de jogos de futebol de uma competição real e entre jogadores de diferentes posições táticas.

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    A maioria das investigações sobre a intensidade de jogos de futebol foi realizadas em jogos amistosos, simulados ou com um pequeno número de jogos avaliados em caráter recreacional ou com uma pequena amostra. Não se observou nenhuma avaliação de frequência cardíaca (FC) em jogos oficiais com um número considerável de jogadores e de diferentes posições. O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar a intensidade de jogos (IJ) do futebol brasileiro durante uma competição oficial e compará-la entre jogadores de diferentes posições táticas. A FC foi medida em 26 jogadores entre 16 e 17 anos (Sub-17) e 18 jogadores entre 18 e 20 anos (sub-20) (idades 16,38 ± 0,5 e 18,24 ± 0,66 anos, respectivamente). A frequência máxima individual (FCmax) e a FC de limiar anaeróbico (LAN) foram avaliadas em testes de campo. A IJ como %FCmax foi monitorada como cinco zonas de intensidade sendo desde a zona 1 = <70%FCmax; a 5 = 95-100%FCmax. A IJ media e a intensidade de LAN foram 84,4 ± 5,1; 86,3 ± 4,0%HRmax and 84,1 ± 4,1; 87,0 ± 5,1%HRmax para o sub-17 e sub-20, respectivamente. Os laterais permaneceram mais tempo na zona 5 em comparação aos jogadores atacantes (p<0,05). Os jogadores de meio campo permaneceram mais tempo na zona 3 em comparação aos outros jogadores e na zona 4 em comparação aos zagueiros e atacantes (p<0,05). A IJ média e a intensidade de LAN são similares. Os laterais apresentam mais esforços máximos do que os atacantes e os jogadores de meio campo não participam de tantos esforços máximos como os zagueiros, laterais e atacantes.Most investigations on soccer match intensity have evaluated friendly, simulated or a small number of games on a recreational basis or including a small number of players. There are no studies investigating real competitive situations including a considerable number of athletes and games or differences among player positions using heart rate as an intensity parameter. The aim of this study was to determine Brazilian soccer game intensity (GI) during official competitive matches and to compare GI among different player positions. Heart rate (HR) was measured in 26 under-17 (U-17) and 18 under-20 (U-20) soccer players (age 16.38 ± 0.5 and 18.24 ± 0.66 years, respectively) during 14 and 15 official games, respectively. Individual maximal heart rate (HRmax) and anaerobic threshold (AT) HR were evaluated in field tests. GI defined as %HRmax was monitored considering five intensity zones ranging from 1 = < 70% HRmax to 5 = 95-100% HRmax. Mean GI and AT intensity were 84.4 ± 5.1 and 86.3 ± 4.0% HRmax for the U-17 category and 84.1 ± 4.1 and 87.0 ± 5.1% HRmax for the U-20 category, respectively. Wingbacks (WB) spent more time in zone 5 than forwards (FW) (p<0.05). Midfielders (MF) spent more time in zone 3 than all other players and in zone 4 than defenders and FW (p<0.05). Mean GI and AT intensity were similar. WB performed more maximum effort than FW. MF did not participate as much in maximum effort as did WB and FW

    Anaerobic threshold of 4.0mM is able to estimate the maximal lactate steady state of soccer players on the field tests.

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    Diante à importância da capacidade aeróbia para o desempenho de jogadores de futebol, o Limiar Anaeróbio tem sido um parâmetro comumente utilizado para a avaliação desses atletas. Todavia, faltam informações a respeito da validade dos protocolos de campo adotados no meio futebolístico. Portanto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar os valores de velocidade de corrida (VC) e frequência cardíaca (FC) associados à máxima fase estável de lactato (MFEL) e limiar anaeróbico de 4,0Mm (OBLA), e verificar se uma concentração fixa de lactato de 4 mM pode ser utilizada para estimar a MFEL em jogadores de futebol em testes de campo. Para tanto 22 jogadores de futebol da categoria sub 20 anos (18,1 ± 0,2 anos) foram avaliados. O OBLA foi considerado como a VC correspondente a lactatemia de 4,0mM e a MFEL foi determinada por meio de exercícios submáximos de intensidade constante com duração de 30 minutos. Os resultados não demonstraram diferenças significativas entre VC e FC identificadas pela MFEL e OBLA e apresentaram correlação significativa entre VC identificada pela MFEL e OBLA (r=0,56; p<0,01). Conclui-se que a concentração fixa de lactato 4mM (OBLA) pode ser utilizada para estimar a VC associada à MFEL em jogadores de futebol em testes de campo. A FC deve ver utilizada com cautela quanto aplicada isoladamente para controle de intensidade.Given the importance of aerobic capacity for the performance of soccer players, the Anaerobic Threshold has been a commonly parameter used to assess these athletes. However, there is missing information about the validity of field protocols adopted in the soccer environment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the values of running speed (RS) and heart rate (HR) associated with the maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) and anaerobic threshold of 4.0mM (OBLA), and identify whether a fixed lactate concentration of 4 mM can be used to estimate the MLSS in soccer players in field tests. Twenty two soccer players of under 20 (18.1 ± 0.2 years) were evaluated. OBLA was taken as the RS corresponding to blood lactate concentration of 4.0 mM and MLSS was determined by sub maximal constant intensity exercise with a duration of 30 minutes. The results showed no significant differences between RS and HR identified by the MLSS and OBLA and showed significant correlation between the RS identified by MLSS and OBLA (r=0.56, p< 0.01). It is concluded that fixed concentration of 4 mM lactate (OBLA) can be used to estimate the RS associated with MLSS in soccer players in field tests. HR should be used with caution when applied separately for intensity control

    Effect of ACTN3 gene on strength and endurance in soccer players.

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    Sports efficiency in activities in which strength and speed are the determining factors has been associated to the ACTN3 gene, which is responsible for the expression of a-actinin-3. Soccer is a mainly aerobic sport because of its long duration, but the acute actions that define the game demand a lot of strength and speed. The purpose of the present study was to compare the performance capacity of soccer players with different genotype groups of ACTN3 (XX, RX, and RR) in strength, speed, and endurance tests. Two hundred professional players of Brazilian soccer first division teams participated in this study. Speed, jump, and endurance test results were compared with the polymorphisms of the ACTN3 gene. It was noticed that RR individuals spent less time to run a 10-m path, compared with XX individuals (p , 0.05). The RR individuals also presented lower time rates at the 20- and 30-m path, compared with RX and XX individuals (p , 0.05). In jump tests, RR individuals presented higher rates, compared with RX and XX individuals (p , 0.05). As for aerobic tests, the XX individuals presented higher rates of V_ O2 max, compared with the RR group (p , 0.05), and did not differ from the RX group. The main conclusion of this study is that soccer players of genotype ACTN3/RR are the fastest in short distances and present higher jump potential. ACTN3/XX individuals presented the highest aerobic capacity. These findings can be used in training load adjustment and can influence the development of tactical schemes in soccer matches

    NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

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    Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data
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