LA INFLUENCIA DE LA MOTIVACIÓN Y DEL CEPILLADO SUPERVISADO EN LOS HÁBITOS DE HIGIENE DE PREESCOLARES BRASILEÑOS

La motivación y el cepillado supervisado son medios para inserir o cambiar hábitos de higiene bucal en preescolares, pues los mismos están en fases de enseñanza, descubriéndose y descubriendo sus sensaciones. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la influencia de la motivación y del cepillado supervisado en los hábitos de higiene bucal de preescolares del Centro de Convivencia Infantil, en el municipio de Araçatuba, Brasil. Se entregó un cuestionario semi estructurado a los padres de los preescolares que estudian en la entidad. Se realizó el levantamiento de las frecuencias y porcentajes de los datos de las preguntas cerradas y, las respuestas de las preguntas abiertas, fueron analizadas por medio del análisis de contenido, a través de la técnica de análisis de categorías. Entre los entrevistados, el 84% percibió cambio en el cepillado de su hijo, principalmente en el uso del hilo dental, y el 84% observó una mejora de la coordinación motora en el acto del cepillado. Cuanto a la importancia del cepillado en la prevención de la carie, el 44% de los padres recibió esta enseñanza, y un 44% mencionó que sus hijos se acordaron de cepillarse los dientes antes de dormir. Concluyó que hubo una influencia por medio de la motivación y del cepillado supervisado en los hábitos de higiene bucal de los preescolares, debido a la mejora en el acto del cepillado y su frecuencia; a la preocupación con la higiene bucal, siendo importante en la prevención de la carie y de otras dolencias bucales. Palabras-clave: Educación en salud, Salud Bucal, Motivación, Cepillado, Odontología Preventiva.RESUMOA motivação e a escovação supervisionada são meios para inserir ou mudar hábitos de higiene bucal em pré-escolares, pois os mesmos estão em fase de aprendizado, descobrindo-se e descobrindo suas sensações. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência da motivação e da escovação supervisionada nos hábitos de higiene bucal de pré-escolares do Centro de Convivência Infantil, no município de Araçatuba, Brasil. Entregou-se um questionário semi-estruturado aos pais dos pré-escolares que estudam na entidade. Realizou-se o levantamento das frequências e porcentagens dos dados das perguntas fechadas e, as respostas das perguntas abertas, foram analisadas por meio da análise de conteúdo, através da tecnica de análise categorial. Entre os entrevistados, 84% perceberam mudança na escovação do seu filho, principalmente no uso do fio dental, e 84% observaram uma melhora da coordenação motora no ato da escovação. Quanto à importância da escovação na prevenção da cárie, e 44% dos pais receberam este ensinamento, 44% mencionaram que seus filhos lembraram de escovar os dentes antes de dormir. Conclui-se que houve uma a influência por meio da motivação e da escovação supervisionada nos hábitos de higiene bucal dos pré-escolares, devido à melhora no ato da escovação e sua freqüência; à preocupação com a higiene bucal, sendo importante na prevenção da cárie e de outras doenças bucais.ABSTRACTThe motivation and supervised tooth brushing are ways to insert or to change habits of oral hygiene in preschoolers, because the same ones are in learning phase, discovering themselves and their sensations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the motivation and of the supervised toothbrushing in the oral hygiene habits of preschoolers of the Center of Child Acquaintance, in the city of Araçatuba, Brazil. It was distributed a questionnaire semi-structured to the preschoolers' parents that study in the entity. It was calculated the data frequencies and percentages of open-ended questions and the answers of discursive questions were analyzed through the Content Analysis, thematic category technique. Among the interviewees, 84% noticed change in their child's toothbrushing, mainly in the use of dental floss, besides an improvement of the motive coordination during the act of toothbrushing (84%). In relation to the importance of toothbrushing in the caries prevention, 44% of the parents received this teaching, 44% mentioned that their children remembered toothbrushing the teeth before sleeping. It can be concluded that there was the influence through the motivation and the supervised toothbrushing in the oral hygiene habits of the preschoolers, due to the improvement in the act of toothbrushing and its frequency; to the concern with the oral hygiene, being important in the caries prevention and of other oral diseases

Treatment of experimental periodontal disease by a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 with scaling and root planing (SRP)

Lumiracoxib is a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) approved for the relief of symptoms of chronic inflammatory conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of this specific inhibitor of COX-2 as adjunctive treatment on induced periodontitis in rats. Periodontal disease was induced at the first mandibular molar of 60 rats. After 7 days, the ligature was removed and all animals were submitted to scaling and root planing (SRP) along with local irrigation with saline solution and were divided into 2 groups: SRP (n = 30)-received subcutaneous injections of 1 mg/kg of body weight/day of saline solution for 3 days and; SRP + L (n = 30)-received subcutaneous injections of 1 mg/kg of body weight/day of Lumiracoxib for 3 days. Ten animals in each group were killed at 7, 15, and 30 days. The histological description was performed and the histometric values were statistically analyzed. In Group SRP + L, the histometric analysis (0.58 ± 0.08, 0.64 ± 0.06, and 0.56 ± 0.10 mm 2) showed less bone loss (p < 0.05) than Group SRP (1.52 ± 0.08, 1.55 ± 0.09, and 1.49 ± 0.24 mm 2) at 7, 15, and 30 days, respectively. Within the limits of this study it can be concluded that subcutaneous application of specific inhibitor of COX-2 was a beneficial adjunctive treatment for periodontal diseases induced in rats. © 2010 Springer Basel AG

Promoção de saúde bucal nas escolas municipais de educação infantil de araçatuba-sp

A educação é fundamental para despertar nas pessoas o interesse em manter saúde, porém de um modo geral, a mesma ainda é muito negligenciada. Portanto é importante a introdução da educação em saúde e cuidados com a higiene bucal nos primeiros anos de vida escolar. Para isso é preciso motivar a criança para que ela se conscientize de sua participação no processo de promoção de saúde, pois o aprendizado só se realiza a partir do desencadeamento de forças motivadoras. presente programa tem por objetivos, estreitar a relação entre faculdade estadual e a Secretaria da Educação, desenvolver o lado cognitivo, afetivo e psicomotor da criança e, promover saúde bucal, além de possibilitar aos alunos da graduação integrar-se ao serviço público municipal e conhecer as condições de saúde bucal dessa parcela da população, através de atividades educativo-preventivo-curativas, estabelecendo a promoção, manutenção e motivação da Saúde Bucal em crianças matriculadas em escolas municipais de educação infantil. ste programa Promoção de Saúde Bucal nas escolas municipais de educação infantil de Araçatuba é desenvolvido com a participação de docentes, pós-graduandos, graduandos, educadores, Prefeitura Municipal, Secretaria Municipal de Educação e aproximadamente 3000 pré-escolares pertencentes a 15 EMEIs, onde a educação e a motivação foram realizadas através da orientação direta associada aos recursos audiovisuais e à escovação supervisionada. Este programa que está sendo desenvolvido desde 1998, vem possibilitando aos graduandos desenvolverem habilidades para lidar com pacientes infantis, uma vez que mantém contato direto com as crianças e essas visitas freqüentes nas EMEIs é de grande importância para concretizar o aprendizado, pois estas crianças estão em fase de aprendizado, isto é, em idade propícia para incorporar as práticas de prevenção e hábitos de higiene bucal e corporal nas atividades diárias

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy

In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy

In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field