Metabolites temporal pattern.

<p>Temporal profile of: liver weight (Liver) and serum levels of glucose (GLU), free fatty acids (FFA), tryacylglycerides (TAG), cholecystokinin (CCK) and cholesterol (CHO) of newborn rabbits on postnatal day 8, that were maintained under constant light, and received one of the following treatments: had access to a lactating doe (NAT) once every 24-h (indicated by the vertical gray bar) or olfactory stimulated with rabbit maternal milk (M-Milk), with the pheromone 2-methyl-but-2enal (2MB2) or with water (H₂O). Mean ± SEM, and the lines showed the fitted Cosinor function (see text for details). Mesor is indicated by the horizontal dotted line.</p

Duration and magnitude of the anticipatory component, in body temperature and locomotor activity.

<p>Graphics of the duration of the anticipation in core body temperature (A) and gross locomotor activity (C) of the newborn rabbits on postnatal day 7. Pups were maintained under constant light and received one of the following treatments: once every 24-h had access to a lactating doe (NAT), or olfactory stimulated with rabbit maternal milk (M-Milk), or with the pheromone 2-methyl-but-2enal (2MB2) or with water (H₂O). Graphics of the intensity of the anticipatory increase in relationship to the daily mean core temperature (B) and locomotor activity (D) for each group examined. Mean ± SEM. Scheffe * <i>p</i><0.01 vs. NAT.</p

Daily average of core body temperature and gross locomotor activity.

<p>The daily core body temperature (top panel) and gross locomotor activity (bottom panel) of newborn rabbits that were maintained under constant light and received one of the following treatments: once every 24-h had access to a lactating doe (NAT), or fed artificially and were olfactory stimulated with either rabbit maternal milk (M-Milk), pheromone 2-methyl-but-2enal (2MB2) or with water (H₂O) from postnatal day 2-7. Mean ± SEM. For body temperature: NAT, r² = 0.79; M-Milk, r² = 0.32; 2MB2, r² = 0.69; H₂O, r² = 0.63. For locomotor activity: NAT, r² = 0.99; M-Milk, r² = 0.97; 2MB2, r² = 0.94; H₂O, r² = 0.56.</p

Diurnal rhythm of gross locomotor activity.

<p>Representative temporal profiles of gross locomotor activity as measured using biotelemetry of newborn rabbits on postnatal day 7, maintained under constant light conditions and receiving the following treatment: pups that once every 24-h (indicated by the vertical grey bar) had access to a lactating doe (NAT), or olfactory stimulated with rabbit maternal milk (M-Milk) or with the pheromone 2-methyl-but-2enal (2MB2) or with water (H₂O). At the bottom, the mean diurnal pattern of body temperature and standard error (SEM), of each experimental condition from postnatal days 5 to 7 for all of the pups (eight animals per group) examined.</p

Temporal patterns of gross locomotor activity.

<p>Representative daily profiles of activity in newborn rabbits as measured using biotelemetry, in intact pups (INT), intact pups fed by enteral gavage (INT+ENT), sham operated pups (SHAM), pups with unilateral lesions of the olfactory bulb (OBx-UNI) and pups with bilateral lesions of the olfactory bulb (OBx-BI). From postnatal day 6–8, the pups were nursed or fed artificially every 24 h at 11:00 (indicated by the vertical red bar), from postnatal day 9–13 the feeding schedule was delayed 6 h (17:00), and from P14-15 the pups were maintained under fasting conditions (see text for details). The red dotted line indicates the daily mean activity.</p

Temporal patterns of core body temperature.

<p>Representative daily profiles of temperature as measured using biotelemetry in newborn intact rabbit pups (INT), intact pups fed by enteral gavage (INT+ENT), sham operated pups (SHAM), pups with unilateral lesions of the olfactory bulb (OBx-UNI) and pups with bilateral lesions of the olfactory bulb (OBx-BI). From postnatal day 6–8, the pups were nursed or fed artificially every 24 h at 11:00 (indicated by the vertical red bar), from postnatal day 9–13 the feeding schedule was delayed 6 h (17:00), and from P14-15 the pups were maintained under fasting conditions (see text for details). The dotted red line indicates the daily mean temperature.</p

Daily average gross locomotor activity.

<p>The mean activity from postnatal day 6–15 of intact rabbit pups (INT, dark blue circles), intact pups fed by enteral gavage (INT+ENT, dark cyan hexagons), sham operated pups (SHAM, dark green triangles), pups with lesions of the olfactory bulb (OBx-UNI, dark red diamonds), and pups with bilateral lesions of the olfactory bulb (OBx-BI, red squares). Mean ± SEM, r² = 0.97.</p

Daily phases of core body temperature.

<p>The daily acrophases (black triangles) and nadirs (gray triangles) of the diurnal pattern of core body temperature in intact rabbit pups (INT), intact pups fed by enteral gavage (INT+ENT), sham operated pups (SHAM), pups with unilateral lesions of the olfactory bulb (OBx-UNI) and pups with bilateral lesions of the olfactory bulb (OBx-BI). From postnatal day 6–8, the pups were nursed or fed artificially every 24 h at 11 (indicated by the vertical red bar), from postnatal day 9–13 the feeding schedule was delayed 6 h (17:00), and from P14-15 the pups were maintained under fasting conditions. The black line indicates one half of the cycle. Mean ± SEM.</p

Mean temporal patterns of gross locomotor activity.

<p>Average and standard error (SEM) of the diurnal profile of activity in intact rabbit pups (INT), intact pups fed by enteral gavage (INT+ENT), sham operated pups (SHAM), pups with unilateral lesions of the olfactory bulb (OBx-UNI) and pups with bilateral lesions of the olfactory bulb (OBx-BI). From postnatal day (P) 6–8, the pups were nursed or fed artificially every 24 h at 11:00 (indicated by the vertical red bar), from postnatal day 9–13 the feeding schedule was delayed 6 h (17:00), and from P14-15 the pups were maintained under fasting conditions. The red dotted line indicates the daily mean activity.</p

Daily phases of gross locomotor activity.

<p>The daily acrophases (black triangles) and nadirs (gray triangles) of the diurnal pattern of gross locomotor activity in intact rabbit pups (INT), intact pups fed by enteral gavage (INT+ENT), sham operated pups (SHAM), pups with unilateral lesions of the olfactory bulb (OBx-UNI) and pups with bilateral lesions of the olfactory bulb (OBx-BI). From postnatal day 6–8, the pups were nursed or fed artificially every 24 h at 11:00 (indicated by the vertical red bar), from postnatal day 9–13 the feeding schedule was delayed 6 h (17:00), and from P14-15 the pups were maintained under fasting conditions. The black line indicates one half of the cycle. Mean ± SEM.</p