A Unified Growth Model for Independent Chile

This article analyzes long-term patterns of growth of the Chilean economy. Examining 200 years of data, it shows evidence in favor of using a neoclassical growth model to conduct the empirical analysis. It presents a formal analysis of structural breaks in the Chilean growth process, finding structural changes in 1929 and 1971/1981. A further analysis of the country’s economic history indicates that fiscal policy, external shocks and trade policy are plausible explanations for these breaks. When these variables are included in the empirical model, the hypothesis of no breaks during these 200 years cannot be rejected.Chile, structural breaks, growth, fiscal policies, external shocks

Do Generalist Tiger Swallowtail Butterfly Females Select Dark Green Leaves Over Yellowish – Or Reddish-Green Leaves for Oviposition?

In late August and September, using leaves from the same branches, the polyphagous North American swallowtail butterfly species Papilio glaucus L. (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) is shown to select mature dark green leaves of their host plants white ash, Fraxinus americana L. (Oleaceae) and tulip tree, Liriodendron tulipifera L. (Magnoliaceae) rather than the pale green or yellowish- green mature leaves in laboratory oviposition arenas. In early August, similar results were observed for black cherry, Prunus serotina Ehrh. (Rosaceae). Dark green leaves were preferred over light green and yellowish green leaves. These green leaves of black cherry were the most nutritious leaves for larval growth indicating a clear correlation between adult preference and larval performance on this plant. However, tulip tree leaves in the summer did not elicit different oviposition responses between green and light green leaves. A field evaluation of oviposition preferences for young expanding reddish leaves of red bay, Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng (Lauraceae) versus slightly older expanded green leaves of the same branch also suggested avoidance of “young” red leaves in Florida by Papilio troilus L. and Papilio palamedes Drury during the spring season (March-April)

Bounds on Correlation Functions of Quantum Rotators

We derive a McBryan-Spencer bound to the correlation function of a one-dimensional array of quantum rotators in the Villain approximation of the cosine interaction. We obtain the partition function of the system in the gas representation and establish a lower bound on the external charge correlation function. We also discuss the possible existence of a Kosterlitz-Thouless phase for the quantum rotator in the Villain approximation.Comment: Latex 7 page