Variables that significantly influence the species composition of frugivorous butterflies of a montane forest archipelago in Serra do Cipó, Brazil.

<p>Variables that significantly influence the species composition of frugivorous butterflies of a montane forest archipelago in Serra do Cipó, Brazil.</p

Frequency, richness and singletons of species of frugivorous butterflies collected in the archipelago of forest islands in Serra do Cipó, Brazil.

<p>Abundance of butterfly subfamily is shown within parentheses.</p

Results of PERMANOVA with dung beetles communities along an altitudinal gradient at Serra do Cipó, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil.

<p>Results of PERMANOVA with dung beetles communities along an altitudinal gradient at Serra do Cipó, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil.</p

Altitudinal map of the study site with the seven sampling areas.

<p>Serra do Cipó, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil (Source: SIG–LEEB).</p

Area, perimeter, distance to nearest continuous forest, distance to closest forest island, altitude, location, and geographic coordinates of the 11 forest islands in Serra do Cipó, Brazil.

<p>Area, perimeter, distance to nearest continuous forest, distance to closest forest island, altitude, location, and geographic coordinates of the 11 forest islands in Serra do Cipó, Brazil.</p

Analyses of the models showing the effect of canopy openness, understory coverage and seasonality on the richness and abundance of frugivorous butterflies of a montane forest archipelago in Serra do Cipó, Brazil (richness R² = 53.1 p<0.001; abundance R² = 83 p<0.001).

<p>Analyses of the models showing the effect of canopy openness, understory coverage and seasonality on the richness and abundance of frugivorous butterflies of a montane forest archipelago in Serra do Cipó, Brazil (richness R² = 53.1 p<0.001; abundance R² = 83 p<0.001).</p

Observed and expected diversity of frugivorous butterflies of a montane forest archipelago in Serra do Cipó, Brazil.

<p>Observed alpha diversity was greater than expected. Observed beta diversity was less than expected.</p

Dung Beetles along a Tropical Altitudinal Gradient: Environmental Filtering on Taxonomic and Functional Diversity - Fig 4

<p>a) Contribution of α1, β1 and β2 to γ taxonomic and functional diversities. α1 is transects diversity, β1 is diversity among transects and β2 is diversity among altitudes. α2 (diversity of the altitude) is obtained by adding α1 to β1; b) Contribution of turnover and nestedness to β2 taxonomic and functional diversity; values obtained with the complimentary analysis of multiple-site similarity.</p

Richness and abundance of frugivorous butterflies in each season (dry and rainy) by forest island, based on simplified generalized linear mixed model.

<p>(A) Richness in the rainy and dry seasons. (B) Abundance in the rainy and dry season. There was no significant difference between the two seasons.</p

Diversity of fruit-feeding butterflies in a mountaintop archipelago of rainforest - Fig 2

<p>(A) Schematic drawing of 20x50m plot established on the islands (Image @ 2015 CNES/Astrium- Google Earth Pro). (B) Van Someren-Rydon frugivorous butterfly trap. (C): External view of the islands 5. (D) Internal view of the island.</p