Does the nature of added bioactive lipids affect the biological properties of yogurts? — Case study coconut and avocado oils

Bioactive lipids play an important role in human health and their benefits are linked to their chemical nature; for example, medium-chain fatty acids can have an important contribution to body weight management. This work aimed to test a strategy to enhance the quality profile and gastrointestinal tract resistance of previously developed vegetable oil-functionalized yogurts and further probe the biological potential of functionalized yogurts. Fortification with coconut and avocado vegetable oils led to increased nutritional value through an increase in essential fatty acids content, particularly in yogurts with vegetable oil bigels. One of the main problems with bioactive fatty acids fortification is their poor stability during in vitro digestion and consequently poor bioavailability. Despite this, the digested samples decreased lipid accumulation in Hep G2 and 3T3-L1 cells Functionalized yogurts were also responsible for high improvements in adiponectin secretion (35% for COY, 46% for CBY, 53% for AOY, and 48% ABY) compared with control yogurt. Moreover, in the inflammatory model, a reduction between 30% (for control yogurt) and 70% (for CBY) was observed for IL-6 secretion in LPS-stimulated cells. Considering these results, yogurt’s fortification with vegetable oils can be a viable alternative strategy to be scaled up for obesity management.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

High-throughput method for the analysis of sterols in food samples by gas chromatography without previous fractionation steps

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Impact of vegetable oils on lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus and bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis growth

Introduction: Studies on bioactive lipids have been increasing in the last years due to their proven health benefits: positive impact on the prevention of cardiovascular disorders, on the development of cognitive function, and more recently on the control of body weight and diabetes. Consequently, the feasibility of their incorporation in new functional products has gained a greater interest in the food industry. Alongside the technological challenges, the antimicrobial activity of some of these oils may constitute a potential barrier for their incorporation, for example in fermented foods. Objective: Taking this into consideration, the aim of this work is the evaluation of the impact of different pomegranate, coconut, and avocado vegetable oils on Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium animal is subsp. lactis Bb12 growth. Methods: For this purpose, both bacteria were grown in MRS (normal growth media), and in MRS supplemented with each of the vegetable oils at 1.5 % (v/v). The impact on growth, organic acids production, and glucose consumption was evaluated. Results: The presence of either of the three vegetable oils did not affect the bacterial growth. Viable cell numbers reached 9.2 log CFU/mL and 8.1 log CFU/mL upon 24h of incubation for L. rhamnosus and B. animalis Bb12 respectively. For both bacteria, the presence of avocado and coconut oil appears to improve microbial growth. Acknowledgments: This work was supported by National Funds from FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia through project UIDB/50016/2020. Manuela Machado is grateful for the financial support from FCT through the Doctoral grant reference SFRH/BD/136701/2018.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Evidences and perspectives in the utilization of CLNA isomers as bioactive compound in foods

Conjugated linolenic acid (CLNA) isomers are promising lipids due to their similarities with CLA but exerting their bioactivity at lower doses; some isomers also belong to the omega 3 family. This review aims to summarize the state of the art about the utilization of CLNA as a functional ingredient. Indeed, in vitro and in vivo studies reported that CLNA exerted anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-obese and antioxidant activities. However, CLNA has not been tested in humans yet. These compounds are naturally present in meat and milk fat from ruminants but the highest concentrations are found in vegetable oils. Their incorporation in foodstuffs is one of the most effective strategies to elaborate CLNA-enriched products together with the microbiological production. Lactobacilli, propionibacteria and bifidobacteria strains have been assayed to produce CLNA isomers but at the current moment there are not high CLNA concentration products elaborated using these strains. Furthermore, it is known that CLNA are highly prone to oxidation when compared with linoleic acid and CLA but it is unknown the possible effects of elaboration and storage on high CLNA products. The utilization of CLNA as a functional compound remains still a challenge that requires more research to address all the technological and bioactivity aspects about it.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Evolution of qualitative and quantitative lipid profiles of high-pressure-processed serra da estrela cheese throughout storage

High-pressure processing (HPP) can be used as a nonthermal pasteurization technique to overcome microbial safety issues of the raw ewes’ milk Serra da Estrela cheese without negatively influencing its quality, in particular, the lipid composition partly responsible for Serra da Estrela cheese’s sensorial and textural attributes. The aim of this work was to assess HPP’s effect (600 MPa/6 min and 450 MPa/6 and 9 min) on the qualitative and quantitative lipid profiles of Serra da Estrela cheese during 15 months of refrigerated storage. Total triglycerides content (65–66 g TG/100 g) was similarly determined for HPP-treated (450 MPa/6 min) and control cheeses. Similar total contents of saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids were reported for all cheeses during storage. A high total conjugated linoleic acid content (1.29–1.65 g FA/100 g fat) was quantified in all cheeses during storage; all cheeses revealed similar atherogenic and thrombogenic indices (~2.3 and ~2.6, respectively). HPP can be used to process Serra da Estrela cheese at conditions that assure microbial safety without influencing cheese lipid profiles.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Free fatty acids profiling in olive oil and olives from the Trás-os-Montes Portuguese region

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Toward sustainable wax extraction from the Saccharum officinarum L. filter cake byproduct: process optimization, physicochemical characterization, and antioxidant performance

Saccharum officinarum L. exploitation and processing result in different byproducts, such as filter cake (FC). This study aimed to establish the most suitable experimental conditions to obtain lipophilic bioactive compounds from FC industrial residues, considering their high efficiency, cost-effectiveness, extraction yield, composition, and physicochemical properties. Results indicated that the most appropriate methodology consisted of the pretreatment of the FC sample with H2SO4, followed by ethanolic extraction (B6 method), avoiding energy-consumption FC drying steps and providing ethanol recovery (approx. 90%). The obtained B6 extract yield was 9.59 ± 0.27 g/100 g of FC dry weight, and this methodology proved to be more efficient in obtaining fatty alcohols (20.28 ± 1.48 g/kg extract) and phytosterols (31.56 ± 0.18 g/kg extract) while maintaining lower total monosaccharide concentration (26.19 ± 1.82 mg/g extract). Furthermore, the geographically related multivariate analysis in wax composition and antioxidant activity was evaluated by comparing B6 waxes from Guariba (G) and Univalem (U), both provided by Brazil and collected in June 2020. Overall, the wax composition is affected, but the antioxidant activity is uncompromised, which indicates that the optimized wax extraction method can be applied to FC.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Differential lipid accumulation on HepG2 cells triggered by palmitic and linoleic fatty acids exposure

Lipid metabolism pathways such as β-oxidation, lipolysis and, lipogenesis, are mainly associated with normal liver function. However, steatosis is a growing pathology caused by the accumulation of lipids in hepatic cells due to increased lipogenesis, dysregulated lipid metabolism, and/or reduced lipolysis. Accordingly, this investigation hypothesizes a selective in vitro accumulation of palmitic and linoleic fatty acids on hepatocytes. After assessing the metabolic inhibition, apoptotic effect, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by linoleic (LA) and palmitic (PA) fatty acids, HepG2 cells were exposed to different ratios of LA and PA to study the lipid accumulation using the lipophilic dye Oil Red O. Lipidomic studies were also carried out after lipid isolation. Results revealed that LA was highly accumulated and induced ROS production when compared to PA. Lipid profile modifications were observed after LA:PA 1:1 (v/v) exposure, which led to a four-fold increase in triglycerides (TGs) (mainly in linoleic acid-containing species), as well as a increase in cholesterol and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) content when compared to the control cells. The present work highlights the importance of balancing both PA and LA fatty acids concentrations in HepG2 cells to maintain normal levels of free fatty acids (FFAs), cholesterol, and TGs and to minimize some of the observed in vitro effects (i.e., apoptosis, ROS generation and lipid accumulation) caused by these fatty acids.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Suitability for commercial utilization of carnauba and sugarcane waxes through determination of possible alterations during an accelerated stability test

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Bioactive sugarcane lipids in a circular economy context

Most of the global sugar and ethanol supply trade comes from the harvesting of Saccharum officinarum (i.e., sugarcane). Its industrial processing results in numerous by-products and waste streams, such as tops, straw, filter cake, molasses and bagasse. The recovery of lipids (i.e., octacosanol, phytosterols, long-chain aldehydes and triterpenoids) from these residues is an excellent starting point for the development of new products for various application fields, such as health and well-being, representing an important feature of the circular economy. By selecting green scalable extraction procedures, industry can reduce its environmental impact. Refluxed ethanol extraction methods have been demonstrated to meet these characteristics. On the other hand, effective non-solvent methodologies such as molecular distillation and supercritical CO2 extraction can fractionate lipids based on high temperature and pressure application with similar yields. Sugarcane lipophilic extracts are usually analyzed through gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) techniques. In many cases, the identification of such compounds involves the development of high-temperature GC–MS/FID techniques. On the other hand, for the identification and quantification of thermolabile lipids, LC–MS techniques are suitable for the separation and identification of major lipid classes. Generically, its composition includes terpenes, phytosterols, tocopherol, free fatty acids, fatty alcohols, wax esters, triglycerides, diglycerides and monoglycerides. These compounds are already known for their interesting application in various fields such as pharma and cosmetics due to their anti-hypercholesterolemic, anti-hyperglycemic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio