Educating in antimicrobial resistance awareness: adaptation of the Small World Initiative program to service-learning.

The Small World Initiative (SWI) and Tiny Earth are a consolidated and successful education programs rooted in the USA that tackle the antibiotic crisis by a crowdsourcing strategy. Based on active learning, it challenges young students to discover novel bioactive-producing microorganisms from environmental soil samples. Besides its pedagogical efficiency to impart microbiology content in academic curricula, SWI promotes vocations in research and development in Experimental Sciences and, at the same time, disseminates the antibiotic awareness guidelines of the World Health Organization. We have adapted the SWI program to the Spanish academic environment by a pioneering hierarchic strategy based on service-learning that involves two education levels (higher education and high school) with different degrees of responsibility. Throughout the academic year, 23 SWI teams, each consisting of 3-7 undergraduate students led by one faculty member, coordinated off-campus programs in 22 local high schools, involving 597 high school students as researchers. Post-survey-based evaluation of the program reveals a satisfactory achievement of goals: acquiring scientific abilities and general or personal competences by university students, as well as promoting academic decisions to inspire vocations for science- and technology-oriented degrees in younger students, and successfully communicating scientific culture in antimicrobial resistance to a young stratum of society

Oral saliva swab reverse transcription PCR for Covid-19 in the paediatric population

8Pág. Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA)To evaluate the performance of oral saliva swab (OSS) reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) compared with RT-PCR and antigen rapid diagnostic test (Ag-RDT) on nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) for SARS-CoV-2 in children.The study was funded by: Project PI20/00095, from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness) and cofounded by the European Regional Development Fund, by Infanta Sofia University Hospital and Henares University Hospital Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation (FIIB HUIS HHEN), and by SERMAS-Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital 12 de Octubre. EC-C is supported by the Spanish Society of Paediatrics (Asociación Española de Pediatría); Grant COVID-19 EPICO-AEP 2020. JMM is funded by SERMAS-Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Infanta Sofía y del Henares and by Universidad Europea de Madrid, Spain. MdlS is funded by Grant Cantera de Investigación Santander, Fundación Universidad Europea de Madrid, Spain. ED is funded by the Juan de la Cierva–Incorporación granted by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. DB-G is funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation—Instituto de Salud Carlos III and Fondos FEDER by ’Contratos para la intensificación de la actividad investigadora en el Sistema Nacional de Salud, 2020 (INT20/00086)’.Peer reviewe

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Largest HIV-1 CRF02_AG Outbreak in Spain: Evidence for Onward Transmissions

Background and Aim: The circulating recombinant form 02_AG (CRF02_AG) is the predominant clade among the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) non-Bs with a prevalence of 5.97% (95% Confidence Interval-CI: 5.41–6.57%) across Spain. Our aim was to estimate the levels of regional clustering for CRF02_AG and the spatiotemporal characteristics of the largest CRF02_AG subepidemic in Spain.Methods: We studied 396 CRF02_AG sequences obtained from HIV-1 diagnosed patients during 2000–2014 from 10 autonomous communities of Spain. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on the 391 CRF02_AG sequences along with all globally sampled CRF02_AG sequences (N = 3,302) as references. Phylodynamic and phylogeographic analysis was performed to the largest CRF02_AG monophyletic cluster by a Bayesian method in BEAST v1.8.0 and by reconstructing ancestral states using the criterion of parsimony in Mesquite v3.4, respectively.Results: The HIV-1 CRF02_AG prevalence differed across Spanish autonomous communities we sampled from (p < 0.001). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 52.7% of the CRF02_AG sequences formed 56 monophyletic clusters, with a range of 2–79 sequences. The CRF02_AG regional dispersal differed across Spain (p = 0.003), as suggested by monophyletic clustering. For the largest monophyletic cluster (subepidemic) (N = 79), 49.4% of the clustered sequences originated from Madrid, while most sequences (51.9%) had been obtained from men having sex with men (MSM). Molecular clock analysis suggested that the origin (tMRCA) of the CRF02_AG subepidemic was in 2002 (median estimate; 95% Highest Posterior Density-HPD interval: 1999–2004). Additionally, we found significant clustering within the CRF02_AG subepidemic according to the ethnic origin.Conclusion: CRF02_AG has been introduced as a result of multiple introductions in Spain, following regional dispersal in several cases. We showed that CRF02_AG transmissions were mostly due to regional dispersal in Spain. The hot-spot for the largest CRF02_AG regional subepidemic in Spain was in Madrid associated with MSM transmission risk group. The existence of subepidemics suggest that several spillovers occurred from Madrid to other areas. CRF02_AG sequences from Hispanics were clustered in a separate subclade suggesting no linkage between the local and Hispanic subepidemics

Taller de encuadernación y restauración de libros en la escuela

El Proyecto se puso en marcha en el CP Santa Juliana de Santillana del Mar, los profesores encargados de llevarlo a cabo son tutores de calses de secundaria. Sus objetivos fueron: 1. restaurar los fondos bibliográficos de la Biblioteca Escolar, utilizando los medios y accesorios disponibles. 2. Encuadernar los libros que en peor estado se encuentran, y que sus hojas conserven. 3. Encuadrenar trabajos, revistas, comics realizados o no por los alumnos o profesores del centro y de interés para el fondo bibliográfico. 4. Desarrollar en el alumno habilidades que le permitan recuperar, reciclar, fabricar, fondos bibliográficos. 5. Plastificar los carnets de usuarios. De esta manera establecieron las actividades: 1. Establecer criterios de actuación y prioridad sobre los trabajos que es necesario realizar en los fondos. 2. Determinar rincones de trabajo para cada actividad a desarrollar dotándoles del material necesario. 3. Restauración de fondos. 4. Encuadernación del material que lo precise. 5 Encuadernación del material realizado por alumnos y profesores a lo largo del curso en las diferentes áreas: catálogos, trabajos, proyectos, cuentos, narraciones, historias, unidades didácticas, actividades. 6. Cuidar el terminado de los trabajos, deben dar una apariencia atractiva y práctica de utilización. 7. Plastificación de los carnets de usuarios y tapas de libros que lo necesiten.El material utilizado fue: agujas de coser, ovillos de algodón, cinta de algodón, cola, pegamento, cuchillas, sierras, papel y cartón, pinceles, tapas de encuadrenar, témpera, pintura de dedos, material fotográfico.Gobierno de Cantabria. Consejería de Educación y JuventudCantabriaES

SWI@UCM 2.0: Consolidation of the Small World Iniiative: discovery and rational use of antibiotics by service-learning in Madrid

Durante el curso anterior un equipo de la UCM en el marco de un proyecto previo INNOVA-Docencia UCM instauró en España de manera pionera la iniciativa de aprendizaje activo Small World Initiative, de origen norteamericano. Los objetivos de esta iniciativa son (1) Crear cultura científica y acercar la investigación biomédica a niveles educativos en los que los estudiantes tienen aún capacidad de decisión sobre su futura orientación formativa con el fin de fomentar la vocación en I+D; y (2) Promover la concienciación social sobre el uso racional de los antibióticos y la amenaza de la resistencia bacteriana a estos fármacos. En el entorno español se propuso implementar esta estrategia mediante Aprendizaje-Servicio. En esta segunda edición (SWI@UCM 2.0) se ha trabajado en la consolidación, expansión y mejora del proyecto, con énfasis en la integración de los diversos niveles educativos que integran el proyecto (universitario y preuniversitario) y la divulgación científica.In the previous course a UCM Faculty team within the frame of an INNOVA-Docencia UCM pioneered in Spain the Small World Initiative, a project based on active learning that started in the USA. Its objectives were (1) to create scientific culture and bring biomedical R&D to education levels in which students can still take curricular choices, thus potentiating vocations for STEM degrees; and (2) to promote social awareness on the sensible use of antibiotics and the threat of bacterial resistance. In the Spanish environment, we opted for implementing the strategy by service-learning. In this second edition (SWI@UCM 2.0) we have worked in the consolidation, spreading and improvement of the project, with special focus in the integration ob both educational levels involved (universitary and pre-universitary) and scientific communication.Fac. de FarmaciaFALSEAgencia Española del medicamento y Productos Sanitarios (AEMPS): Plan Nacional de Resistencia a AntibióticosMSD Españasubmitte