Biomass allocation to reproductive and vegetative structures in male (M) and female (F) plants of the three studied species.

<p>Data for <i>C. alternans</i> and <i>C. ernesti-augusti</i> were obtained from Oyama and Dirzo (1988), and Bullock (1984), respectively. Error bars denote standard error.</p

Comparison between male (M) and female (F) plants in two defensive characteristics of the three studied species.

<p>A) leaf toughness, B) total phenolic concentration. Error bars denote standard error.</p

Comparison of two measures of herbivory between male (M) and female (F) plants of the three studied species.

<p>A) standing levels of damage measured in 2002, B) rates of herbivory measured in 2001–2002. Error bars denote standard error.</p

Comparison between male (M) and female (F) plants of four growth variables of the three studied species.

<p>A) total height increment, B) leaf production rate, C) above-ground biomass production. Error bars denote standard error.</p

Nested ANOVAs to assess the effects of species, sex and their interaction, on two defensive characteristics and two estimates of herbivory.

*<p>P<0.05, **P<0.001, *** P<0.0001.</p

Nested ANOVAs to assess the effects of species, sex and their interaction, on four growth variables measured in two periods.

<p>Total height increment (THI) and leaf production rate (LPR) for 2001–2002; relative growth rate (RGR), net biomass production (BP) and LPR for 2005–2007. *<i>P</i><0.05, *** <i>P</i><0.0001.</p

Transgenerational induction of wild radish palatability trials results

Results from three palatability trials. Leaf tissue from wild radish plants with differing histories of herbivore induction (induced or non-induced ("I" or "N") for grandparents, parents, and current generation) presented to either a generalist slug or a specialist caterpillar. Leaf weight consumed measured after 18 hours as well as weight of the herbivore as a covariate

Appendix D. Detailed methods for controlled-diet lab experiments.

Detailed methods for controlled-diet lab experiments

Appendix C. Quantity of ants and defensive behavior.

Quantity of ants and defensive behavior

Appendix B. Estimation of colony-size variables from estimator domatia.

Estimation of colony-size variables from estimator domatia