Automatic Near-Real-Time Image Processing Chain for Very High Resolution Optical Satellite Data

In response to the increasing need for automatic and fast satellite image processing SPACE-SI has developed and implemented a fully automatic image processing chain STORM that performs all processing steps from sensor-corrected optical images (level 1) to web-delivered map-ready images and products without operator's intervention. Initial development was tailored to high resolution RapidEye images, and all crucial and most challenging parts of the planned full processing chain were developed: module for automatic image orthorectification based on a physical sensor model and supported by the algorithm for automatic detection of ground control points (GCPs); atmospheric correction module, topographic corrections module that combines physical approach with Minnaert method and utilizing anisotropic illumination model; and modules for high level products generation. Various parts of the chain were implemented also for WorldView-2, THEOS, Pleiades, SPOT 6, Landsat 5-8, and PROBA-V. Support of full-frame sensor currently in development by SPACE-SI is in plan. The proposed paper focuses on the adaptation of the STORM processing chain to very high resolution multispectral images. The development concentrated on the sub-module for automatic detection of GCPs. The initially implemented two-step algorithm that worked only with rasterized vector roads and delivered GCPs with sub-pixel accuracy for the RapidEye images, was improved with the introduction of a third step: super-fine positioning of each GCP based on a reference raster chip. The added step exploits the high spatial resolution of the reference raster to improve the final matching results and to achieve pixel accuracy also on very high resolution optical satellite data

NEMO-HD: High-Resolution Microsatellite for Earth Monitoring and Observation

The Space Flight Laboratory (SFL) at the University of Toronto Institute for Aerospace Studies, in collaboration with the Slovenian Centre of Excellence for Space Sciences and Technologies (SPACE-SI), is developing a 40 kg microsatellite for earth monitoring and observation that is capable of resolving a Ground Sampling Distance (GSD) of 2.8 m from a design altitude of 600 km. NEMO-HD (Nanosatellite for Earth Monitoring and Observation - High Definition) is the second spacecraft that is based on SFL\u27s high-performance NEMO bus and builds upon the heritage of SFL\u27s flight-proven Generic Nanosatellite Bus (GNB). NEMO-HD will carry two optical instruments: a narrow-field instrument as well as a wide-field instrument. The narrow-field instrument will be capable of resolving 2.8 m GSD in four channels corresponding to Landsat-1, 2, 3, and 4 spectral channels (450-520 nm, 520-600 nm, 630-690 nm, and 760-900 nm). The wide-field instrument will be capable of resolving 75 m GSD or better. Both instruments are capable of recording High-Definition video at 1920 by 1080 pixels. The spacecraft will be capable of performing global imaging and real-time video streaming over Slovenia and other regions where it will be in view of the ground station. In addition, the spacecraft will also be capable of performing remote observations. NEMOHD will include the standard complement of subsystems, sensors and actuators that make up a three-axis stabilized NEMO bus. NEMO-HD will be enhanced to include a 50 Mbps X-band downlink, 128 GB of on-board storage, a high-performance instrument computer, and a power system generating 31 W at end-of-life with a 130 W-h Li-ion battery. The paper provides an overview of the NEMO-HD system design

Digital Twin Requirements in the Context of Industry 4.0

Part 3: PLM for Digital Factories and Cyber Physical SystemsInternational audienceDigital Twin (DT) is being considered a significant enabler for Industry 4.0 initiatives. Within Industry 4.0, the amount of digital product information generated and collected over the entire lifecycle has been growing. Current information and communication technologies, including data storage, data processing, and wireless data transmission, may be leveraged to digitally mirror the lifecycle of a corresponding physical product with increasing level of detail. A DT creates a link between physical products and their virtual models with more comprehensive data and accumulation of knowledge. Therefore, a DT may be applied to enhance simulation, traceability and to support the offering of value-added services along the lifecycle. However, the definition of a DT and its requirements are not yet fully established. The characteristics a DT model should possess to be widely used in manufacturing remains an open question in the literature. The concept is still broad and dependent on the lifecycle stage and industry sector of application. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to propose an initial synthesis of DT requirements based on a literature review and industry interviews. The literature review focuses on the content analysis of papers published from 2010 to 2018 and indexed in the ISI Web of Science database. The interviews were conducted with industry representatives in Brazil. The results show that DT requirements are related to real-time data, integration, and fidelity. Besides, it shows that industry requirements are close to literature and the actual implementation of DT is the future of research in this field

Influence of Zn and Mg Alloying on the Corrosion Resistance Properties of Al Coating Applied by Arc Thermal Spray Process in Simulated Weather Solution

In this study, Al–Zn and Al–Mg coatings were deposited on steel substrates by an arc thermal spray process. X-ray diffraction and scanning electr on microscopy were used to characterize the deposited coatings and corrosion products. Open circuit potential (OCP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and potentiodynamic studies were used to assess the corrosion characteristics of these coatings after exposure according to the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) J2334 solution of varying durations. This solution simulates an industrial environment and contains chloride and carbonate ions that induce corrosion of the deposited coatings. However, the Al–Mg alloy coating maintained an OCP of approximately - 0.911 V versus Ag/AgCl in the SAE J2334 solution even after 792 h of exposure. This indicates that it protects the steel sacrificially, whereas the Al–Zn coating provides only barrier-type protection through the deposition of corrosion products. The Al–Mg coating acts as a self-healing coating and provides protection by forming Mg 6 Al 2 (OH) 16 CO 3 (Al–Mg layered double hydroxides). Mg 6 Al 2 (OH) 16 CO 3 has interlocking characteristics with a morphology of plate-like nanostructures and an ion-exchange ability that can improve the corrosion resistance properties of the coating. The presence of Zn in the corrosion products of the Al–Zn coating allows dissolution, but, at the same time, Zn 5 (OH) 6 (CO 3 ) 2 and Zn 6 Al 2 (OH) 16 CO 3 are formed and act to reduce the corrosion rate