Metastatic cutaneous melanoma associated with vitreous seeding

BackgroundOcular metastases of cutaneous melanoma exclusive to the vitreous are a rare presentation and usually represent disseminated disease. Although traditionally associated with poor outcomes, recent developments in melanoma treatment have vastly improved prognosis.AimsTo review new targeted therapies for metastatic-melanoma.MethodsLiterature review of current clinical guidelines, systematic reviews and case series surrounding current recommended targeted therapies for metastatic-melanoma.ResultsNew targeted therapeutic agents offer improved treatment response, progression free survival, overall survival and have a better side-effect profile than traditional chemotherapy agents for metastatic melanoma.ConclusionTargeted agents for melanoma have improved patient prognosis and life expectancy, likely leading to reduced need for surgical intervention

Angle closure glaucoma secondary to psychotropic medications

BackgroundPsychotropic medications are commonly associated anticholinergic side-effects. In susceptible patients, this can result in angle closure induced permanent loss of visionAimsTo review the mechanism of angle closure and which psychotropics are most likely to precipitate this complication.MethodsLiterature review surrounding the mechanism of angle closure and pharmacology of various psychotropicsResultsMydriasis, forward-displacement of the lens-iris diaphragm and ciliary body swelling are the mechanisms by which angle closure occurs. Anticholinergic side effects of psychotropic medications are most implicated in causing this.ConclusionScreening patients for risk factors of angle closure and either having them formally assessed or choosing psychotropics with minimal anticholinergic effects may avoid inducing angle closure