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Underutilized Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa, Aronia arbutifolia, Aronia prunifolia) Accessions Are Rich Sources of Anthocyanins, Flavonoids, Hydroxycinnamic Acids, and Proanthocyanidins
Polyphenols from underutilized black,
purple, and red aronia (Aronia melanocarpa, Aronia prunifolia, and Aronia arbutifolia) and ‘Viking’
(Aronia mitschurinii) berries were
characterized. Anthocyanin and nonanthocyanin flavonoids were quantitated
by UHPLC-DAD-MS and proanthocyanidins by normal-phase HPLC. On a dry
weight basis, anthocyanins were mainly cyanidin-3-galactoside, highest
in black aronia (3.4–14.8 mg/g) and lowest in red aronia (0.5–0.8
mg/g) as cyandin-3-galactoside equivalents. Berries from ‘Viking’
and the red accession UC021 had substantially more proanthocyanidins
than the other accessions, with 3.3 and 3.8 mg catechin equiv/g, respectively.
Chlorogenic acids and quercetin glycosides were most abundant in purple
UC047 berries, at 17.3 and 1.3 mg/g, respectively. In contrast to
anthocyanin content, total phenol values were highest in berries from
red and purple accessions and attributed to phenolic acid and proanthocyanin
content. Thus, red, purple, and black aronia berries are rich sources
of polyphenols with various levels of polyphenol classes