Effets comparés, à très court terme, des acides n-9, trans-docosénoïque (brassidique) et n-9, cis-docosénoïque (érucique) sur les lipides cardiaques du rat sevré

National audienceCardiac lipids (triglycerides and phospholipids) of weanling rats fed diets containing 15 % by weight of rapeseed oil (RSO), hydrogenated rapeseed oil (HRSO), trierucin (TE) or tribassidin (TB) were analyzed after 3 and 7 days of feeding. The amount of C22:1 was made equal in the 4 diets. Tarns-isomers of erucic acid found in HRSO and TB do not cause as high an accumulation of lipids and docosenoic acids in the heart as erucic acid. Digestibility of brassidic acid (46 %) is lower than that or erucic acid (83 %) but even then, the amount of brassidic acid found in cardiac lipids (calculated per gram of absorbed fatty acid) after 7 days of feeding is 10 times less than that of erucic acid. Brassidic acid, like erucic acid, can be converted into shorter monoenes (C20:1 and C18:1) since trans-CIS :1 has been found in cardiac phospholipids of rats fed trans-docosenoic acid as the only source of trans-acid in the diet

Lipid content and fatty acid composition in foods commonly consumed by nursing Congolese women : incidences on their essential fatty acid intakes and breast milk fatty acids

The fat content and fatty acid (FA) composition of nearly 40 foods, currently consumed by 102 nursing Congolese mothers living in Brazzaville, were determined to assess their impact on mothers' essential fatty acid (EFA) intakes and breast milk FA. Data on mothers' milk FA and dietary habits which allowed food selection were recently published (Rocquelin et al., 1998). Most foods were locally produced. Food samples were collected at local markets, bleached if necessary to avoid microbial degradation, and stored at +4°C or -20°C. They were lyophilized upon their arrival in the laboratory before lipid analyses. FA composition of food lipids was determined by capillary gas chromatography. Staple diets included low-fat, high-carbohydrate foods (processed cassava roots, wheat bread) and high-polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) foods : soybean oil (high in 18 : 2 n-6 and alpha-18 : 3 n-3), bushbutter (#Dacryodes edulis$), peanuts, avocado (high in fat and 18 : 2 n-6), freshwater and salt-water fish (high in LC n-3 and/or n-6 PUFA) and leafy green vegetables (low in fat but very high in alpha-18 : 3 n-3). Their frequent consumption by nursing mothers provided enough EFA to meet requirements due to lactation. It also explains why mothers' breast milk was riche in C8-C14 saturated FA (26% of total FA) and in n-6, n-3 PUFA (respectively 15.0% and 2.4% of total FA) highly profitable for breasted infants' development. From this point of view, dietary habits of Congolese mothers have to be sustained for they are more adequate than most Western-type diets. (Résumé d'auteur

Lipid content and fatty acid composition in foods commonly consumed by nursing Congolese women : incidences on their essential fatty acid intakes and breast milk fatty acids

The fat content and fatty acid (FA) composition of nearly 40 foods, currently consumed by 102 nursing Congolese mothers living in Brazzaville, were determined to assess their impact on mothers' essential fatty acid (EFA) intakes and breast milk FA. Data on mothers' milk FA and dietary habits which allowed food selection were recently published (Rocquelin et al., 1998). Most foods were locally produced. Food samples were collected at local markets, bleached if necessary to avoid microbial degradation, and stored at +4°C or -20°C. They were lyophilized upon their arrival in the laboratory before lipid analyses. FA composition of food lipids was determined by capillary gas chromatography. Staple diets included low-fat, high-carbohydrate foods (processed cassava roots, wheat bread) and high-polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) foods : soybean oil (high in 18 : 2 n-6 and alpha-18 : 3 n-3), bushbutter (#Dacryodes edulis$), peanuts, avocado (high in fat and 18 : 2 n-6), freshwater and salt-water fish (high in LC n-3 and/or n-6 PUFA) and leafy green vegetables (low in fat but very high in alpha-18 : 3 n-3). Their frequent consumption by nursing mothers provided enough EFA to meet requirements due to lactation. It also explains why mothers' breast milk was riche in C8-C14 saturated FA (26% of total FA) and in n-6, n-3 PUFA (respectively 15.0% and 2.4% of total FA) highly profitable for breasted infants' development. From this point of view, dietary habits of Congolese mothers have to be sustained for they are more adequate than most Western-type diets. (Résumé d'auteur

International congress of nutrition

Breast milk samples of Congolese women (n = 102) nursing 5 mo-old infants and living in Talangaï, a suburban district of Brazzaville, were collected and analyzed for their fat content and fatty acid (FA) composition. Mothers were questioned on their dietary habits. Compared with breast milk from various developed or developing countries ; Congolese mature breast milk was low in fat (28.70 plus or minus 11.33 g/L) but rich in 8:0-14:0 FAs (25.97 plus or minus 8.17% of total FAs) and in polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs), particularly in n-3 PUFAs (2.39 plus or minus 0.68% of total FAs, mainly 18:3 and 22:6). No 18:1 trans was detected. This was associated with the frequent consumption by the mothers of high-carbohydrate foods (processed cassava roots, wheat bread, doughnuts) known to enhance 8:0-14:0 FA biosynthesis, and with that of foods providing n-6 and n-3 EFAs such as freshwater and saltwater fish, vegetable oils, green leafy vegetables, and high-fat fruit (peanuts, avocado, safou). These foods were traditionally and locally produced. Milk fat content was negatively related with mothers' BMI (body mass index) and varied with the frequency of consumption of certain foods corresponding to distinct dietary patterns. (Résumé d'auteur

Lipid content and essential fatty acid (EFA) composition of mature Congolese breast milk are influenced by mothers' nutritional status : impact on infants' EFA supply

55 ref.International audienc