Mean Square Slope Measurements with the Reflective Stereo Slope Gauge

<p>An optical instrument for the measurement of surface ocean small-scale wave statistics has been developed. This reflective stereo slope gauge (RSSG) is capable of simultaneous measurements of height and slope statistics of the water surface in the field and in the laboratory.</p> <p>Here, first laboratory validation measurements are presented.</p

Heat Transfer and Wave Measurements in the Baltic Sea: Principle, Setup and Plan for SOPRAN II

<p>Heat is used as a proxy tracer for gases to study the transport processes<br> across the sea-surface interface to obtain a detailed insight into<br> the diffusive and turbulent processes controlling the transport. A carbon<br> dioxide laser forces a periodically varying heat flux density onto<br> the water surface and the amplitude damping and phase shift of the<br> sea surface temperature is measured from infrared image sequences.<br> The transport process can be treated by linear system theory and the<br> relation between the input signal (periodically varying surface flux density)<br> and the output (surface temperature) is estimated. Within the<br> framework of the SOPRAN initiative three field experiments in the<br> Baltic Sea were conducted. The locally derived heat transfer rates are<br> scaled to gas transfer rates, which are in good agreement with empirical<br> gas transfer wind speed relationships for moderate winds speeds.<br> At high wind speed, the transfer rates are lower, which is explained<br> by the fact that heat transport is insensitive to bubble-mediated gas<br> transfer, i.e. it measures only a part of the transfer process directly at<br> the water surface.</p