Comment consolider la paix plus efficacement ?

Depuis le débutdes années 1990, la communauté internationale s’est beaucoup impliquée dans la reconstruction des Etats déchirés par la guerre et les violences. Aujourd’hui, les Nations unies sont à elles seules engagées dans plus de dix missions politiques de consolidation de la paix dans le monde entier. L’expérience qu’elles ont acquise dans les interventions postconflit s’étend du Cambodge au Guatemala, en passant par le Mozambique. Avec les opérations de grande envergure en cours en Afgha..

Für eine effizientere Friedenskonsolidierung. Interview mit Roland Paris

Seit Anfang der 90er Jahre hat sich die internationale Staatengemeinschaft zunehmend in Bemühungen zum Wiederaufbau von Staaten engagiert, die durch Kriege und gewalttätige Konflikte zerstört wurden. Heute führt die UNO allein weltweit über zehn politische Friedenskonsolidierungsmissionen durch, wobei sie sich auf die Erfahrungen stützt, die mit Wiederaufbauarbeiten nach Kriegen in Kambodscha über Guatemala bis Mosambik gemacht wurden. Mit den derzeit in Afghanistan und im Irak laufenden Grosseinsätzen stellt die Friedenskonsolidierung eine wichtige globale Wachstumsindustrie dar. Doch was wissen wir wirklich über ihre Effizienz bei Bemühungen zur Verringerung von Spannungen und zur Unterstützung des Wiederaufbaus nach Konflikten ? Roland Paris jüngstes Werk, At War’s End : Building Peace after Civil Conflict, (das mit mehreren Preisen, darunter der Chadwick F. Alger Award für das beste Buch über internationale Organisationen, ausgezeichnet wurde), untersucht vierzehn der wichtigsten von der UNO zwischen 1989 und 1999 lancierten Friedenskonsolidierungsmissionen. Paris stellt sich darin insbesondere die Frage, ob die vorherrschenden Modelle der Friedenssicherung, mit ihrem Schwerpunkt auf rascher Demokratisierung und Marktliberalisierung, in fragilen Nachkriegskontexten angemessen sind. Im nachstehenden Interview fragen wir (Development in Practice, DIP) Roland Paris (RP), was wir aus den vergangenen Friedenskonsolidierungseinsätzen in Bezug auf deren Effizienz als Mittel zur Verhütung neuer Gewaltausbrüche in Nachkriegssituationen lernen können

Forging Resilient Social Contracts: A Pathway to Preventing Violent Conflict and Sustaining Peace

‘Forging Resilient Social Contracts: Preventing Violent Conflict and Sustaining Peace’ is an 11-country research and policy dialogue project that aims to revitalise the social contract amidst conflict and fragility and to advance policy and practice for preventing violent conflict and for achieving and sustaining peace. The comparative findings provide evidence and insight into what drives social contracts that are inclusive and resilient, and how they manifest and adapt in different contexts, transcending what are often unsustainable, ephemeral elite bargains into more inclusive ones, with durable arrangements for achieving and sustaining peace. The project involves international scholars, policy advisers and authors from the countries examined: Afghanistan, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Colombia, Cyprus, Nepal, Somalia, South Sudan, South Africa, Tunisia, Yemen and Zimbabwe. The project activities reported on here took place from 2016-mid 2018 and include case research in these countries, a series of policy and scholarly dialogues1 and this summary. Future project work could include policy papers on critical themes emerging from the research, knowledge products featuring the case studies, and a social contract assessment tool. The project gratefully acknowledges the financial support of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Oslo Governance Centre (OGC), the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) in Berlin and New York, the Julian J. Studley Fund of the Graduate Program of International Affairs at The New School in New York, in this work. This Summary Findings Report introduces the project context, the project’s research framing, and findings from nine of the 11 case studies.2 Numerous validation workshops and policy dialogues in the case study countries and elsewhere inform the findings. Policy recommendations for national and international policymakers are shared. These findings and recommendations provide a basis for deepened future research and related policy and project activity.https://nsuworks.nova.edu/hcas_dcrs_facbooks/1048/thumbnail.jp

From Elite Bargains to (More) Open and (More) Inclusive Politics

This paper examines the pathways from post-conflict elite bargains towards (more) open and (more) inclusive politics. It identifies cross-cutting issues and draws out the implications of the analysis for external actors seeking to support more inclusive politics

“State-Building for Peace” – A New Paradigm for International Engagement in Post-Conflict Fragile States?

This paper is intended to analyse two leading approaches that have guided international efforts to promote peace and development in conflict-afflicted fragile states since the 1990s, namely peacebuilding and state-building. In a relatively recent development, a growing number of donors has sought to bring these two closer together, based upon the perception that the challenges posed by (post-) conflict fragile states need to be ad-dressed through an approach that combines both – “statebuilding for peace”, as the UNDP has put it. The paper thus seeks to explore how the processes of building peace are related to the processes of building more resilient, effective, and responsive states in (post-) conflict settings. The paper provides an overview of the evolution of these two concepts and analyses key complementarities between peace-building and state-building. It also explores the challenges that arise for both on the basis of these complementarities. The paper goes on to examine some of the most significant tensions that arise between the two, and what these tensions may imply for the international assistance community. By way of a conclusion, the paper offers a few key lessons that emerge from the analysis for improved donor policy and practice in state-building for peace efforts

STATE-BUILDING FOR PEACE - A NEW PARADIGM FOR INTERNATIONAL ENGAGEMENT IN POST-CONFLICT FRAGILE STATES?

This paper is intended to analyse two leading approaches that have guided international efforts to promote peace and development in conflict-afflicted fragile states since the 1990s, namely peace-building and state-building. In a relatively recent development, a growing number of donors has sought to bring these two closer together, based upon the perception that the challenges posed by (post-) conflict fragile states need to be ad-dressed through an approach that combines both - 'state-building for peace', as the UNDP has put it. The paper thus seeks to explore how the processes of building peace are related to the processes of building more resilient, effective, and responsive states in (post-) conflict settings. The paper provides an overview of the evolution of these two concepts and analyses key complementarities between peace-building and state-building. It also explores the challenges that arise for both on the basis of these com-plementarities. The paper goes on to examine some of the most significant tensions that arise between the two, and what these tensions may imply for the international assis-tance community. By way of a conclusion, the paper offers a few key lessons that emerge from the analysis for improved donor policy and practice in state-building for peace efforts.legitimacy