Characteristics and age-related injury patterns of maxillofacial fractures in children and adolescents: A multicentric and prospective study

Children; Epidemiology; Maxillofacial fracturesNiños; Epidemiología; Fracturas maxilofacialesNens; Epidemiologia; Fractures maxil·lofacialsBackground/Aims Paediatric maxillofacial trauma accounts for 15% of all maxillofacial trauma but remains a leading cause of mortality. The aim of this prospective, multicentric epidemiological study was to analyse the characteristics of maxillofacial fractures in paediatric patients managed in 14 maxillofacial surgery departments on five continents over a 1-year period. Methods The following data were collected: age (preschool [0–6 years], school age [7–12 years], and adolescent [13–18 years]), cause and mechanism of the maxillofacial fracture, alcohol and/or drug abuse at the time of trauma, fracture site, Facial Injury Severity Scale score, associated injuries, day of the maxillofacial trauma, timing and type of treatment, and length of hospitalization. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software. Results Between 30 September 2019 and 4 October 2020, 322 patients (male:female ratio, 2.3:1) aged 0–18 years (median age, 15 years) were hospitalized with maxillofacial trauma. The most frequent causes of the trauma were road traffic accidents (36%; median age, 15 years), followed by falls (24%; median age, 8 years) and sports (21%; median age, 14 years). Alcohol and/or drug abuse was significantly associated with males (p < .001) and older age (p < .001). Overall, 474 fractures were observed (1.47 per capita). The most affected site was the mandibular condyle in children <13 years old and the nose in adolescents. The proportion of patients who underwent open reduction and internal fixation increased with age (p < .001). Conclusion The main cause of paediatric maxillofacial fractures was road traffic accidents, with the highest rates seen in African and Asian centres, and the frequency of such fractures increased with age. Falls showed an inverse association with age and were the leading cause of trauma in children 0–6 years of age. The choice of treatment varies with age, reflecting anatomical and etiological changes towards patterns more similar to those seen in adulthood.Open Access funding provided by Universita degli Studi di Torino within the CRUI-CARE Agreement

Estudio de la variabilidad genética en una población de ganado bovino criollo argentino aislada geográficamente en una pradera de altura

Se estudió de la variabilidad genética de tres loci (κ-Caseína, β-lactoglobulina y BoLA-DRB3), en una población de ganado Criollo Argentino aislada en una pradera de altura, ubicada en la localidad de Chasquivil (Tucumán). A pesar del aislamiento geográfico sufrido por un largo período de tiempo y el reducido tamaño de dicha población, el análisis de los resultados indicó una alta heterocigocidad sin que se observe la fijación de alguna de las variantes alélicas. Las frecuencias genotípicas estimadas para los loci κ-Caseína y BoLA-DRB3 indicaron que la población se encontraría en equilibrio para estos loci. Por otra parte, el locus correspondiente a β- lactoglobulina presentó una fuerte desviación hacia la forma heterocigota. En teoría, una población con las características de la de Chasquivil debería mostrar un incremento en las formas homocigotas. Sin embargo, los resultados obtenidos en el presente estudio sugieren que, por lo menos en el caso de los tres loci estudiados, esta población habría desarrollado los mecanismos para el mantenimiento de la diversidad genética.The genetic variability of three loci (κ-Caseína, β-lactoglobulina and BoLA-DRB3) were studied in a population of Argentine Creole cattle isolated in a high grassland located in Chasquivil, (Tucumán). Despite the geographical isolation for such a long period and the small population size, tile analysis of data showed a high degree of heterozygosity. No allele was found to be fixed. The estimated genotype frequencies for κ-Casein and BoLADRB3 showed that these loci were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, whereas β-Lactoglobulin exhibited a strong deviation with many heterozygotes. In theory, a population like Chasquivil should show a trend to increase the number of homozygotes. However, the result obtained in this study suggest that (at least for the three loci studies) this population might have developed same mechanisms to maintain genetic diversity.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Characteristics and age-related injury patterns of maxillofacial fractures in children and adolescents:A multicentric and prospective study

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Paediatric maxillofacial trauma accounts for 15% of all maxillofacial trauma but remains a leading cause of mortality. The aim of this prospective, multicentric epidemiological study was to analyse the characteristics of maxillofacial fractures in paediatric patients managed in 14 maxillofacial surgery departments on five continents over a 1‐year period. METHODS: The following data were collected: age (preschool [0–6 years], school age [7–12 years], and adolescent [13–18 years]), cause and mechanism of the maxillofacial fracture, alcohol and/or drug abuse at the time of trauma, fracture site, Facial Injury Severity Scale score, associated injuries, day of the maxillofacial trauma, timing and type of treatment, and length of hospitalization. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software. RESULTS: Between 30 September 2019 and 4 October 2020, 322 patients (male:female ratio, 2.3:1) aged 0–18 years (median age, 15 years) were hospitalized with maxillofacial trauma. The most frequent causes of the trauma were road traffic accidents (36%; median age, 15 years), followed by falls (24%; median age, 8 years) and sports (21%; median age, 14 years). Alcohol and/or drug abuse was significantly associated with males (p < .001) and older age (p < .001). Overall, 474 fractures were observed (1.47 per capita). The most affected site was the mandibular condyle in children <13 years old and the nose in adolescents. The proportion of patients who underwent open reduction and internal fixation increased with age (p < .001). CONCLUSION: The main cause of paediatric maxillofacial fractures was road traffic accidents, with the highest rates seen in African and Asian centres, and the frequency of such fractures increased with age. Falls showed an inverse association with age and were the leading cause of trauma in children 0–6 years of age. The choice of treatment varies with age, reflecting anatomical and etiological changes towards patterns more similar to those seen in adulthood

A multicentric, prospective study on oral and maxillofacial trauma in the female population around the world

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Approximately 20% of patients with maxillofacial trauma are women, but few articles have analysed this. The aim of this multicentric, prospective, epidemiological study was to analyse the characteristics of maxillofacial fractures in the female population managed in 14 maxillofacial surgery departments on five continents over a 1‐year period. METHODS: The following data were collected: age (0–18, 19–64, or ≥65 years), cause and mechanism of the maxillofacial fracture, alcohol and/or drug abuse at the time of trauma, fracture site, Facial Injury Severity Scale score, associated injury, day of trauma, timing and type of treatment, and length of hospitalization. RESULTS: Between 30 September 2019 and 4 October 2020, 562 of 2387 patients hospitalized with maxillofacial trauma were females (24%; M: F ratio, 3.2:1) aged between 1 and 96 years (median age, 37 years). Most fractures occurred in patients aged 20–39 years. The main causes were falls (43% [median age, 60.5 years]), which were more common in Australian, European and American units (p < .001). They were followed by road traffic accidents (35% [median age, 29.5 years]). Assaults (15% [median age, 31.5 years]) were statistically associated with alcohol and/or drug abuse (p < .001). Of all patients, 39% underwent open reduction and internal fixation, 36% did not receive surgical treatment, and 25% underwent closed reduction. CONCLUSION: Falls were the main cause of maxillofacial injury in the female population in countries with ageing populations, while road traffic accidents were the main cause in African and some Asian centres, especially in patients ≤65 years. Assaults remain a significant cause of trauma, primarily in patients aged 19–64 years, and they are related to alcohol use

Modeling and stability analysis of a sliding bead from a problem-based learning perspective

In this work, we adopt a problem-based learning approach to develop an integrative bachelor project that relies on competences acquired from basic courses in mathematics, mechanics and computation. In this sense, the proposed project tries to pave the way from “apparently disconnected” concepts gained through previous studies toward the field of computational mechanics. On this basis, we study the motion of a particle along an arbitrary curve in space subject only to the gravitational field, the so-called sliding bead. Although this is a classic problem in mechanics, it has a substantial richness from a theoretical and practical point of view where the student reinforcing abstract skills and exploring different aspects of its numerical solution are allowed. Along this path, we start with the modeling process. This is followed by a stability analysis of the governing differential equations. Later on, we present a moderate introduction to classical numerical time integration by considering several numerical schemes and the well-known Matlab add-on Simulink. Finally, we present a brief discussion about how the proposed project allows articulating concepts of mathematics, mechanics, and computation in engineering programs of studies at horizontal and vertical levels.Fil: Roccia, Bruno Antonio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; Argentina. University of Bergen; NoruegaFil: Bossio, Guillermo Rubén. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados; ArgentinaFil: Mazzone, Fernando Dario. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Matemática; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Gebhardt, Cristian Guillermo. University of Bergen; Noruega. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; Argentin

Composição florística e a conservação de floresta secundárias na serra da Cantareira, São Paulo, Brasil. Floristic composition and conservation of old secondary Forest in the serra Cantareira in São Paulo, South-Eastern Brazil.

Florestas secundárias estão seriamente ameaçadas pela expansão urbana na região metropolitana. Alguns remanescentes são protegidos, principalmente em parques estaduais e municipais, mas a maioria dessas florestas está sob risco de supressão pela contínua expansão de áreas urbanas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a composição florística do componente arbóreo de trecho de floresta, em estágio médio a avançado de regeneração no Parque Estadual da Cantareira, São Paulo (SP). Foram realizadas caminhadas nos traçados antigo e novo da Linha de Transmissão Guarulhos–Anhanguera, num total aproximado de 11 km de extensão. A amostragem foi realizada no período de 2006 a 2010. No levantamento florístico, foram identificadas 179 espécies, pertencentes a 54 famílias e 127 gêneros. As famílias com maior riqueza de espécies foram Fabaceae (19 espécies), Myrtaceae (18), Lauraceae (16) e Rubiaceae (15) e os gêneros mais ricos, Ocotea e Myrcia (6), Eugenia (5) e Maytenus, Mollinedia e Nectandra com quatro espécies cada. Foram registradas dez espécies consideradas ameaçadas de extinção, sendo quatro espécies na lista de São Paulo e seis na lista da IUCN. Uma delas, Mollinedia oligotricha, é considerada presumivelmente extinta. A similaridade florística encontrada com outros remanescentes florestais da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo e arredores variou entre 11% a 38%. Florestas secundárias apresentam uma considerável riqueza de espécies, incluindo espécies ameaçadas de extinção. Foram discutidas as pressões incidentes sobre esses remanescentes florestais, bem como possíveis estratégias para a sua conservação.Secondary forests are seriously threatened by urban expansion in the metropolitan region of São Paulo. Some remnants are protected, mainly in state or municipal parks, but most of these forests are in immanent danger of being destroyed by the continual expansion of urban areas. The aim of this study was to describe the floristic composition of a stand of an old secondary forest in the Cantareira State Park in São Paulo, south-eastern Brazil. A total of approximately 11km of trail along the old and new power line routes were sampled between 2006 and 2010. A total of 179 species belonging to 54 families and 127 genera were identified in the floristic survey, with the richest families being Fabaceae (19 species), Myrtaceae (18), Lauraceae (16) and Rubiaceae (15) and the richest genera Ocotea and Myrcia (6), Eugenia (5) and Maytenus, Mollinedia and Nectandra with four species each. Ten of these species are considered threatened, four of them in the São Paulo state list and six in the IUCN list. One of these, Mollinedia oligotricha, was considered to be probably extinct. The floristic similarity with other forest remnants in the São Paulo Metropolitan Region and surrounding areas ranged from 11% to 38%. Threats to existing areas are discussed, together with possible conservation strategies

Differences between root and stem wood in seedlings and sprouts of Sessea brasiliensis (Solanaceae)

Abstract Young Sessea brasiliensis trees derived from seeds and sprouts after coppicing were analyzed for differences in axial variation of anatomical features. It was hypothesized that 1) quantitative variation in anatomical features in the axial direction would indicate adjustments in water conductivity and mechanical strength along tree height and 2) significant quantitative differences in anatomical features would be observed between trees originating from seed compared to those derived from sprouts after coppicing. Results showed that wood originating from sprouts after coppicing developed differently from wood originating from seeds. Specifically, for seed provenance samples, narrower vessels were observed in the transition zone, whereas for sprouting provenance, narrower vessels were seen in roots and trunk base. Also, when comparing axial variation between seeds and sprouts, vessel diameter was smaller in plants of seed origin in the transition zone, whereas fiber diameter was smaller in trunk top and branch in plants of seed and sprouting provenances, respectively. Higher rays were observed in branch and trunk top when comparing different axial position in both origins. Thus, the first hypothesis is confirmed by significant axial variation in vessels, fibers and rays, and the second hypothesis is confirmed by the significant differences observed between trees of seed and sprout origins

Development of a Clinical Score to Stratify the Risk for Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales Bacteremia in Patients with Cancer and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Identifying the risk factors for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) bacteremia in cancer and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) patients would allow earlier initiation of an appropriate empirical antibiotic treatment. This is a prospective multicenter observational study in patients from 12 centers in Argentina, who presented with cancer or hematopoietic stem-cell transplant and developed Enterobacterales bacteremia. A multiple logistic regression model identified risk factors for CRE bacteremia, and a score was developed according to the regression coefficient. This was validated by the bootstrap resampling technique. Four hundred and forty-three patients with Enterobacterales bacteremia were included: 59 with CRE and 384 with carbapenem-susceptible Enterobacterales (CSE). The risk factors that were identified and the points assigned to each of them were: ≥10 days of hospitalization until bacteremia: OR 4.03, 95% CI 1.88–8.66 (2 points); previous antibiotics > 7 days: OR 4.65, 95% CI 2.29–9.46 (2 points); current colonization with KPC-carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales: 33.08, 95% CI 11.74–93.25 (5 points). With a cut-off of 7 points, a sensitivity of 35.59%, specificity of 98.43%, PPV of 77.7%, and NPV of 90.9% were obtained. The overall performance of the score was satisfactory (AUROC of 0.85, 95% CI 0.80–0.91). Finally, the post-test probability of CRE occurrence in patients with none of the risk factors was 1.9%, which would virtually rule out the presence of CRE bacteremia.Fil: Herrera, Fabián. Centro de Educación Medica E Invest.clinicas; ArgentinaFil: Torres, Diego. Centro de Educación Medica E Invest.clinicas; ArgentinaFil: Laborde, Ana. Fundación Para Combatir la Leucemia; ArgentinaFil: Berruezo, Lorena. Gobierno de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos "prof. Dr. Rodolfo Rossi".; ArgentinaFil: Jordán, Rosana. Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Roccia Rossi, Inés. Hospital International General Acute Gral San Martin; ArgentinaFil: Valledor, Alejandra. Hospital Italiano; ArgentinaFil: Costantini, Patricia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Oncología "Ángel H. Roffo"; ArgentinaFil: Dictar, Miguel. Instituto Alexander Fleming; ArgentinaFil: Nenna, Andrea. Fundacion Marie Curie;Fil: Pereyra, María Laura. Universidad Austral; ArgentinaFil: Lambert, Sandra. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Alta Complejidad en Red El Cruce Dr. Néstor Carlos Kirchner Samic; ArgentinaFil: Benso, José. Hospital Italiano; ArgentinaFil: Poletta, Fernando Adrián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. CEMIC-CONICET. Centro de Educaciones Médicas e Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno". CEMIC-CONICET; ArgentinaFil: Gonzalez Ibañez, María Luz. Fundación Para Combatir la Leucemia; ArgentinaFil: Baldoni, Nadia. Gobierno de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos "prof. Dr. Rodolfo Rossi".; ArgentinaFil: Eusebio, María José. Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Lovano, Fiorella. Hospital International General Acute Gral San Martin; ArgentinaFil: Barcán, Laura. Hospital Italiano; ArgentinaFil: Luck, Martín. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Oncología "Ángel H. Roffo"; ArgentinaFil: Racioppi, Agustina. Instituto Alexander Fleming; ArgentinaFil: Tula, Lucas Fernando. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Alta Complejidad en Red El Cruce Dr. Néstor Carlos Kirchner Samic; ArgentinaFil: Pasterán, Fernando. Dirección Nacional de Instituto de Investigación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud "Dr. C. G. Malbrán"; ArgentinaFil: Corso, Alejandra. Dirección Nacional de Instituto de Investigación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud "Dr. C. G. Malbrán"; ArgentinaFil: Rapoport, Melina. Dirección Nacional de Instituto de Investigación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud "Dr. C. G. Malbrán"; ArgentinaFil: Nicola, Federico. Centro de Educación Medica E Invest.clinicas; ArgentinaFil: García Damiano, María Cristina. Fundación Para Combatir la Leucemia; ArgentinaFil: Carbone, Ruth. Gobierno de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos "prof. Dr. Rodolfo Rossi".; ArgentinaFil: Monge, Renata. Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Reynaldi, Mariana. Hospital International General Acute Gral San Martin; ArgentinaFil: Greco, Graciela. Hospital Italiano; ArgentinaFil: Bronzi, Marcelo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Oncología "Ángel H. Roffo"; ArgentinaFil: Valle, Sandra. Instituto Alexander Fleming; ArgentinaFil: Chaves, María Laura. Fundacion Marie Curie;Fil: Vilches, Viviana. Universidad Austral; ArgentinaFil: Blanco, Miriam Edith. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Alta Complejidad en Red El Cruce Dr. Néstor Carlos Kirchner Samic; ArgentinaFil: Carena, Alberto Ángel. Centro de Educación Medica E Invest.clinicas; Argentin