Industrial engineering in Spain, the challenge of a new liberal profession in the nineteenth century

Industrial engineering was established in Spain in 1850. Despite the initial difficulties, the profession found its role in the process of the industrialization of Spain. The industrial engineers were the first free professionals in the world of engineerin g, given that there was not a State Corps linked to them. In this sense, there are some similarities between the Spanish industrial engineers and the French Centraliens . Moreover, the educational system developed in Spain in the nineteenth century gave lit tle autonomy to the engineering schools, and this was a major difference from the French onesPostprint (published version

Newton i les seves contribucions al concepte contemporani de ciència

Postprint (published version

Identifying Current and Missing Knowledge in the Control of Pyrethroid-Resistant Triatoma Infestans, Vector of Chagas Disease

Triatomines are blood-sucking bugs that occur mainly in Latin America. They are vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the parasite that causes Chagas disease. Chemical control of Chagas disease´s vectors by using pyrethroid insecticides has been highly successful for the elimination of domestic infestation and consequently the reduction of the vector transmission. However, at the beginning of the 2000s a decrease in the effectiveness of the chemical control of triatomines was detected in several areas from Argentina and Bolivia, particularly in the Gran Chaco eco-region. During the last 15 years, several studies demonstrated the evolution of insecticide resistance in Triatoma infestans and established the presence of different toxicological profiles, the autosomal inherence of resistance, the biological costs of deltamethrin resistance, the expression of deltamethrin resistance thorough the embryonic development, and the main mechanisms of resistance (target-site insensitivity and metabolic detoxification of insecticides). The emergence of pyrethroid resistance coupled with the usual difficulties in sustaining adequate rates of insecticide applications emphasize the need of incorporating other tools for integrated vector and disease control, such as the proposal of the organo-phosphorus insecticide fenitrothion as an alternative chemical strategy for the management of the resistance because it was effective against pyrethroid-resistant populations in laboratory and semi-field trials. New studies on the current situation of presence and spread of resistant populations of triatomines and the acceptance of the use of alternative insecticides are critical requirements in the implementation of strategies for the management of resistance and for the rational design of campaigns oriented to reducing the vector transmission of Chagas’ disease.Fil: Roca Acevedo, Gonzalo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa. Ministerio de Defensa. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa; ArgentinaFil: Picollo, Maria Ines. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa. Ministerio de Defensa. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa; Argentin

Un cirurgià barber barcelonès de la XVª centuria

S'hi refereix i resumeix el testament de Leonci Mestre. S'afegeix transcripció de: "Translat del inventari dels béns de Leonis Mestre, barber e cirúrgich" i "Translat dels encants fets dels béns del dit leonis mestre

Demographic Sustainability and Regional Development: The Cases of Alto Minho and Alto Alentejo

Demographic Sustainability and Regional Development: The Cases of Alto Minho and Alto Alentejo Maria Nazaré Oliveira Roca, Vasco Silva, Susana Caldinhas Centro de Estudos de Geografia e Planeamento Regional, Universidade Nova de Lisboa The paper is focused on the interrelationship of the demographic resources and sustainable development, illustrated by the case studies of two regions of Portugal: Alto Minho and Alto Alentejo. In the introduction, some concepts related to demographic sustainability and rural development are discussed. In the following sections, the main features of the two sub-regions and a brief diagnosis of the population structure and dynamics are presented. This serve as the basis for the identification of the strengths and weaknesses as well as of the opportunities and threats related to demographic sustainability of those regions. In the conclusion guideline for promoting sustainable development of Alto Minho and Alto Alentejo are presented.

“Integration ist definitiv nicht unser anliegen, eher schon desintegration”:postmigrant renegotiations of identity and belonging in contemporary Germany

This article examines the notion of “Desintegration” (de-integration), as introduced by German Jewish authors Max Czollek and Sasha Marianna Salzmann, against the backdrop of ongoing re-negotiations of identity, belonging, and “Heimat” (sense of home) in contemporary Germany. While many artistic contributions to the debates around “Desintegration” have come from the realm of performance art, I will pay special attention to Salzmann’s prize-winning novel Außer Sich (Beyond Myself) (2017), as a literary approximation of the “Desintegration” paradigm, which showcases what I call a “non-authoritative” poetics of non-belonging. I will conclude by showing that the notion of “Desintegration” and its connection to a broader “postmigrant” trajectory enable novel perspectives on three of the central issues discussed in this article: the current location of German Jewish literature and culture; contemporary German-language contestations of “Heimat” and belonging; and the relationship between art and politics