a–c. Genotype distribution by year of reporting of acute HBV infections, the Netherlands, 2004–2010. a. Cases acquired heterosexually by men and women (n = 300); b. Cases with an unknown route of transmission acquired by men and women (n = 226) c. Cases acquired by men who have sex with men (n = 305).

<p>a–c. Genotype distribution by year of reporting of acute HBV infections, the Netherlands, 2004–2010. a. Cases acquired heterosexually by men and women (n = 300); b. Cases with an unknown route of transmission acquired by men and women (n = 226) c. Cases acquired by men who have sex with men (n = 305).</p

Maximum parsimony tree based on the HBV S-region sequence of acute cases of HBV infection (n = 894), by most probable mode of transmission and gender, in the Netherlands, 2004–2010, and selected reference strains (n = 19).

<p>Maximum parsimony tree based on the HBV S-region sequence of acute cases of HBV infection (n = 894), by most probable mode of transmission and gender, in the Netherlands, 2004–2010, and selected reference strains (n = 19).</p

Characteristics of the selective HBV vaccination programme for behavioural high-risk groups, The Netherlands, 1998–2010.

<p>Anti-HBc = antibody to the hepatitis B core antigen; CI = Confidence interval; HBsAg = hepatitis B surface antigen; STD = sexually transmitted disease.</p>†<p>Heterosexuals with frequent partner changes were no longer included in the programme from 2007 onwards.</p>‡<p>Proportion of the first vaccinations given at different locations, in percentages. Note: information about the vaccine location was missing for 3856 vaccinations.</p>§<p>Outreach locations included bars and saunas frequented by MSM, shelters for homeless people, and commercial sex worker locations.</p>¶<p>Prevalence was calculated by dividing the number of patients with a positive test by the total number with a test result.</p>∥<p>Compliance is defined as the proportion of those susceptible at the first vaccination completing three doses. Data up to 30 June 2011 were included.</p

Univariate analysis of sociodemographic factors, behavioral factors and clinical symptoms associated with HCV clearance in a cohort of 106 individuals with acute HCV acquired through injection drug use.

<p>Univariate analysis of sociodemographic factors, behavioral factors and clinical symptoms associated with HCV clearance in a cohort of 106 individuals with acute HCV acquired through injection drug use.</p

Distribution of sex for each genotype plotted by spontaneous HCV clearance rate.

<p>Genotyping was available for 100/106 participants. Bars represent the total percentage of spontaneous HCV clearance for the protective alleles (TT for rs8099917 and CC for rs12979860) and non-protective alleles (CT/GG for rs8099917 and CT/TT for rs12979860). The numbers in the bars indicate the percentage of spontaneous HCV clearance for males and females for each allele.</p

Multivariate analysis of factors associated with HCV clearance in a cohort of 106 individuals with acute HCV acquired through injection drug use.

<p>Multivariate analysis of factors associated with HCV clearance in a cohort of 106 individuals with acute HCV acquired through injection drug use.</p

Univariate analysis of host genetic factors and viral coinfections associated with HCV clearance in a cohort of 106 individuals with acute HCV acquired through injection drug use.

<p>HBV, hepatits B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HBc, hepatitis B core; HBsAG, Hepatitis B surface Antigen; IL28B, Interleukin 28B.</p

Crude and adjusted odds ratios of potential risk factors for the development of CDI ribotype 027 compared to non-CDI control patients.

<p>Crude and adjusted odds ratios of potential risk factors for the development of CDI ribotype 027 compared to non-CDI control patients.</p

Adjusted odds ratios of risk factors for CDI ribotype 027 in participants who had stayed at the ICU.

<p>Adjusted odds ratios of risk factors for CDI ribotype 027 in participants who had stayed at the ICU.</p

Dendrogram of <i>C</i>. <i>difficile</i> strains based on AFLP patterns of all ribotype 027 strains identified between May 2013 and March 2014.

<p>Hierarchical clustering of AFLP types was performed using unweighted pair-grouping. The cut-off value for identical strains was set at 90% relative similarity (BioNumerics, Applied Maths, Belgium). Besides 027 strains, a few other ribotypes that were found in the VUmc in the same period were included in the analysis, serving as an outgroup. All 027 strains included in this analysis were considered to be identical (large cluster on top).</p