Dietary factors and chronic low-grade systemic inflammation in relation to bone health

Chronic low-grade systemic inflammation, which has been categorized by a two- to fourfold age-related increase in circulating inflammatory cytokines and acute phase reactants, has been implicated in the pathophysiology of a range of musculoskeletal-related disorders, including osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and fragility fractures. While the precise mechanism(s) underlying this age-related increase in inflammation (termed "inflammaging") are yet to be determined, genetic factors, pathological conditions and various hormonal, environmental, and lifestyle factors have all been shown to play a role. Over the past decade, there has been considerable interest into whether dietary interventions, including weight loss and caloric restriction alone or with exercise, and various dietary patterns, foods and nutrients, can modulate the inflammatory response within the body, particularly in people with diseases known to have a strong inflammatory pathogenesis (e.g., type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer). Of the key dietary factors known to be important for bone and muscle health which have been investigated in terms of whether they exhibit anti-inflammatory properties, there have been mixed findings with regard to dietary and supplemental calcium and vitamin D, dairy products, dietary protein, vitamin K, magnesium and omega-3 fatty acids or their combination. Based on the available data, there is no consistent evidence that these dietary factors modulate inflammation in apparently healthy adults. However, a limited number of intervention trials have demonstrated that calcium and vitamin D supplementation, high dairy diets, increased dietary protein, vitamin K, and omega-3 fatty acids can produce modest reductions in circulating inflammatory biomarkers in people with osteoporosis, sarcopenia or the presence of another chronic disease(s). Whether a reduction in these inflammatory markers translates into beneficial effects on skeletal health or a reduction in fracture risk, is not known. Given the emerging clinical evidence linking low-grade systemic inflammation to osteoporosis, sarcopenia and fractures in the elderly, further intervention trials are warranted to evaluate the long-term efficacy of different nutrients or their combination on markers of inflammation and their putative effect on modulating musculoskeletal health outcomes

An unusual glycosylation product from a partially protected fucosyl donor under silver trif late activation conditions

An unusual glycosylation product from a partially protected fucosyl donor under silver trif late activation condition

Development of Fully and Partially Protected Fucosyl Donors for Oligosaccharide Synthesis

Development of Fully and Partially Protected Fucosyl Donors for Oligosaccharide Synthesi

''Does training affect growth? - Answers to common questions'' (vol 10, pg 21, 2002)

''Does training affect growth? - Answers to common questions'' (vol 10, pg 21, 2002

EXERCISE LOADING DOES NOT ACCOUNT FOR POLAR DISTRIBUTION OF CORTICAL DENSITY AT WEIGHT-BEARING TIBIAL MID-DIAPHYSIS

EXERCISE LOADING DOES NOT ACCOUNT FOR POLAR DISTRIBUTION OF CORTICAL DENSITY AT WEIGHT-BEARING TIBIAL MID-DIAPHYSI

Huisgen-based conjugation of water-soluble porphyrins to deprotected sugars: towards mild strategies for the labelling of glycans

Huisgen-based conjugation of water-soluble porphyrins to deprotected sugars: towards mild strategies for the labelling of glycan

Synthesis and Glycoconjugation of an Azido-BF2-Azadipyrromethene Near-Infrared Fluorochrome

Synthesis and Glycoconjugation of an Azido-BF2-Azadipyrromethene Near-Infrared Fluorochrom

IS SERUM LEVEL OF 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN D ASSOCIATED WITH THE RISK OF HIP REPLACEMENT FOR OSTEOARTHRITIS? RESULTS FROM A PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY

IS SERUM LEVEL OF 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN D ASSOCIATED WITH THE RISK OF HIP REPLACEMENT FOR OSTEOARTHRITIS? RESULTS FROM A PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUD

Sitting less and moving more for improved metabolic and brain health in type 2 diabetes: ‘OPTIMISE your health’ trial protocol

Background: Clinical practice guidelines recommend that adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) sit less and move more throughout the day. The 18-month OPTIMISE Your Health Clinical Trial was developed to support desk-based workers with T2D achieve these recommendations. The two-arm protocol consists of an intervention and control arms. The intervention arm receives 6 months health coaching, a sit-stand desktop workstation and an activity tracker, followed by 6 months of text message support, then 6 months maintenance. The control arm receives a delayed modified intervention after 12 months of usual care. This paper describes the methods of a randomised controlled trial (RCT) evaluating the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the intervention, compared to a delayed intervention control. Methods: This is a two-arm RCT being conducted in Melbourne, Australia. Desk-based workers (≥0.8 full-time equivalent) aged 35–65 years, ambulatory, and with T2D and managed glycaemic control (6.5–10.0% HbA1c), are randomised to the multicomponent intervention (target n = 125) or delayed-intervention control (target n = 125) conditions. All intervention participants receive 6 months of tailored health coaching assisting them to “sit less” and “move more” at work and throughout the day, supported by a sit-stand desktop workstation and an activity tracker (Fitbit). Participants receive text message-based extended care for a further 6-months (6–12 months) followed by 6-months of non-contact (12–18 months: maintenance). Delayed intervention occurs at 12–18 months for the control arm. Assessments are undertaken at baseline, 3, 6, 12, 15 and 18-months. Primary outcomes are activPAL-measured sitting time (h/16 h day), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c; %, mmol/mol) and, cognitive function measures (visual learning and new memory; Paired Associates Learning Total Errors [adjusted]). Secondary, exploratory, and process outcomes will also be collected throughout the trial. Discussion: The OPTIMISE Your Health trial will provide unique insights into the benefits of an intervention aimed at sitting less and moving more in desk-bound office workers with T2D, with outcomes relevant to glycaemic control, and to cardiometabolic and brain health. Findings will contribute new insights to add to the evidence base on initiating and maintaining behaviour change with clinical populations and inform practice in diabetes management. Trial registration: ANZCTRN12618001159246