Standards for Libraries in Higher Education

The Standards for Libraries in Higher Education are designed to guide academic libraries in advancing and sustaining their role as partners in educating students, achieving their institutions’ missions, and positioning libraries as leaders in assessment and continuous improvement on their campuses. Libraries must demonstrate their value and document their contributions to overall institutional effectiveness and be prepared to address changes in higher education. These Standards were developed through study and consideration of new and emerging issues and trends in libraries, higher education, and accrediting practices. These Standards differ from previous versions by articulating expectations for library contributions to institutional effectiveness. These Standards differ structurally by providing a comprehensive framework using an outcomes-based approach, with evidence collected in ways most appropriate for each institution

Labial scratches on Regourdou 1′s anterior teeth.

<p>Labial scratches on Regourdou 1′s anterior teeth.</p

Microtomographic-based 3D reconstruction of the right upper limb chain of Regourdou 1 (in anterior view) showing the average degree of bilateral asymmetry (in %) assessed for the cortical area (CA, left) and the polar second moment of area (J, right) and rendered by virtual superimposition (semi-transparency, in gray) to the original outline of each element (in gold).

<p>To emphasize differences among the different elements, the amount of original asymmetry has been doubled. Scale bar is 10 cm.</p

SEMs of striations on left I₂ and right C.

<p>Left: Lower medial portion of the labial aspect of the left second incisor of Regourdou 1 (left) showing (a) some V-shaped, relatively thick sub-horizontal scratches associated with a few thinner secondary striae occurring within the major striae. The medial margin of the tooth is on the left. Right: Central portion of the labial aspect of the right canine showing a network of mostly sub-vertical thin scratches (b), which we identify as an occlusal scratch. (c) is an abrasion spot associated with a major oblique scratch of taphonomic origin, most likely from a sediment particle. Scale bar is 100 µm.</p

The skeleton of Regourdou 1.

<p>Photo credit: Collections Ville de Périgueux, Musée d'Art et d'Archéologie du Périgord: Inv. 85.3.</p

Occlusal view of Regourdou 1 mandible.

<p>The apparent malpositioning of the teeth is due to reconstruction. Photo credit: P Sémal, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels.</p

Mosaic plot of scratch angles on all anterior teeth.

<p>Scratch intervals follow ref 7.</p

Results of δ³⁴S analysis performed by secondary ion mass-spectrometry (SIMS) on selected specimens.

<p>Three different isotope patterns are distinguished and related to the stage of pyrite formation during diagenesis. Each case is illustrated by one histogram of δ³⁴S data and the color data plot of a representative specimen. Early growth of pyrite (example from Figure S1 in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0099438#pone.0099438.s002" target="_blank">File S1</a>): pyritization was rapidly completed during early diagenesis. Late growth of pyrite (example from Figure S4 in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0099438#pone.0099438.s002" target="_blank">File S1</a>): pyritization continued with burial through early to somewhat later diagenesis. Prolonged growth of pyrite (example from Figure S9 in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0099438#pone.0099438.s002" target="_blank">File S1</a>): pyritization continued episodically over a large range of burial depth during late stages of diagenesis. An atlas showing specimens and their δ³⁴S data is available in Supporting Information.</p

Results of δ³⁴S isotopic analyses performed on two pyrite concretions (pyrite “sun” and pyrite “flower”, in blue) and on fossil specimens from Gabon (top, in blue) compared to those from their respective host sediments (orange).

<p>Host sediment values for the pyrite “flower” from <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0099438#pone.0099438-Fisher1" target="_blank">[68]</a> and <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0099438#pone.0099438-Raiswell2" target="_blank">[69]</a>.</p

Spheroidal carbonaceous palynomorphs extracted from the host sediment by acid maceration.

<p>(A–D) Pictures obtained with a transmitted light microscope (A, B) and environmental SEM (C, D). Folding and wrinkling as well as granular and degraded textures of vesicle walls are likely taphonomic features. V-shaped cuts (B) and holes (D) (arrows) illustrate the vesicle wall structure. Scale bars 50 µm. (Extensive details, including Raman, STXM, FIB, TEM, and FTIR are available in Supporting Information.) (E) Ultramicrotomy section through the organic-wall of a single specimen. Scale bar 5 nm. (F) SEM image (top) of a specimen used to extract and FIB foil.Double arrowhead shows the location from where the FIB foil was extracted. Bright-field TEM image (bottom) of the FIB foil. The dark upper layer, which measures ∼800 nm in thickness, is the platinum strap deposited at the top of the gold-coated sample before FIB milling. Gold coating can be observed as a darker, ∼200 nm thick layer at the top of the specimen. The wall consists of a continuous carbonaceous film (arrows). It is mixed with various mineral particles. The sample lies over a glass coverslip. Scale bars 10 µm (top) and 2 µm (bottom).</p