PTX3 and established markers of disease activity at baseline, 6 weeks and 6 months of treatment.

<p>Values are given in median. IRD, inflammatory rheumatic disease; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; PsA, psoriatic arthritis; AS, ankylosing spondylitis; PTX3, pentraxin 3; WBC, white blood cells; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; CRP, C-reactive protein; PGA, Physicians Global Assessment Score of disease activity; PtGA, Patients' Global Assessment Score of disease activity. X p<0.01 for difference between the evaluation at baseline and at 6 weeks ¥ p<0.01 for difference between the evaluation at 6 weeks and 6 months.</p

Risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding associated with the intake of antidepressants.

<p>Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.</p>a<p>Antidepressants:</p><p>High affinity: fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline and clomipramine.</p><p>Intermediate affinity: amitriptyline, fluvoxamine, citalopram, imipramine, dosulepin, venlafaxine, duloxetine, escitalopram and melitracen.</p><p>Low affinity: mirtazapine, nortriptyline, desipramine, trimipramine, maprotiline, trazodone, mianserin, amoxapine, bupropion, doxepin, moclobemide, ciclobenzaprine and etoperidone.</p><p>SSRIs: sertraline, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, citalopram, etoperidone and escitalopram.</p><p>Non-SSRIs: amitriptiline, dosulepin, trimipramine, doxepine, maprotiline, amoxapine, imipramine, nortriptiline and clomipramine.</p><p>Other antidepressants: bupropion, ciclobenzaprine, desipramine, duloxetine, melitracen, mianserin, mirtazepine, moclobemide, trazodone and venlafaxine.</p>b<p>Adjusted for matching factors: age, sex (±5 years), date of admission (within 3 months) and hospital.</p>c<p>Adjusted for alcohol and caffeine consumption, past history of GI disorders, family history of GI bleeding, osteoarthritis, number of medicines taken and use of NSAIDs, salicylates (analgesic doses), proton pump inhibitors, H2 antihistamines, antacids, antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants (only vitamin K antagonists).</p>d<p>When applying conventional logistic regression, the adjusted estimate for SSRIs was 1.24 (95%CI, 0.62–2.48).</p

Baseline characteristics.

<p>Distribution of cases and controls according to prognostic factors.</p><p>Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.</p>a<p>For Body Mass Index (BMI) there were 579 cases and 1354 controls available.</p>b<p>For study years there were 578 cases and 1354 controls available.</p>c<p>Alcohol consumption: In women: low, ≤20 mg/day; moderate, between >20 mg/day and ≤60 mg/day; high, >60 mg/day. In men: low, ≤30 mg/day; moderate, between >30 mg/day and ≤80 mg/day; high, >80 mg/day.</p

Epidemiological studies assessing the association between SSRIs exposure and the occurrence of upper GI bleeding.

a<p>For the purpose, a retrospective study is when the idea for the study was developed after data collection; the opposite is termed prospective.</p>b<p>These studies were based in America, the rest in Europe.</p>c<p>Cohort studies.</p>d<p>The outcome variables were not entirely comparable to those of the other studies.</p>e<p>In these studies, cases and controls were recruited from hospitals.</p>f<p>Estimated risk is for high-affinity serotonin inhibitor antidepressants versus low-activity ones.</p>g<p>Patient-months.</p

Predictors of PTX3.

<p>Predictors of PTX3.</p

Baseline patient characteristics.

<p>Baseline patient characteristics.</p

Table_1_A cytokine/PTX3 prognostic index as a predictor of mortality in sepsis.docx

BackgroundEarly prognostic stratification of patients with sepsis is a difficult clinical challenge. Aim of this study was to evaluate novel molecules in association with clinical parameters as predictors of 90-days mortality in patients admitted with sepsis at Humanitas Research Hospital.MethodsPlasma samples were collected from 178 patients, diagnosed based on Sepsis-3 criteria, at admission to the Emergency Department and after 5 days of hospitalization. Levels of pentraxin 3 (PTX3), soluble IL-1 type 2 receptor (sIL-1R2), and of a panel of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were measured by ELISA. Cox proportional-hazard models were used to evaluate predictors of 90-days mortality.ResultsCirculating levels of PTX3, sIL-1R2, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-18, IL-1ra, TNF-α increased significantly in sepsis patients on admission, with the highest levels measured in shock patients, and correlated with SOFA score (PTX3: r=0.44, pConclusionThese data suggest that a prognostic index based on selected cytokines, PTX3 and clinical parameters, and hence easily adoptable in clinical practice, performs in predicting 90-days mortality better than SOFA. An independent validation is required.</p

Image_1_A cytokine/PTX3 prognostic index as a predictor of mortality in sepsis.tiff

BackgroundEarly prognostic stratification of patients with sepsis is a difficult clinical challenge. Aim of this study was to evaluate novel molecules in association with clinical parameters as predictors of 90-days mortality in patients admitted with sepsis at Humanitas Research Hospital.MethodsPlasma samples were collected from 178 patients, diagnosed based on Sepsis-3 criteria, at admission to the Emergency Department and after 5 days of hospitalization. Levels of pentraxin 3 (PTX3), soluble IL-1 type 2 receptor (sIL-1R2), and of a panel of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were measured by ELISA. Cox proportional-hazard models were used to evaluate predictors of 90-days mortality.ResultsCirculating levels of PTX3, sIL-1R2, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-18, IL-1ra, TNF-α increased significantly in sepsis patients on admission, with the highest levels measured in shock patients, and correlated with SOFA score (PTX3: r=0.44, pConclusionThese data suggest that a prognostic index based on selected cytokines, PTX3 and clinical parameters, and hence easily adoptable in clinical practice, performs in predicting 90-days mortality better than SOFA. An independent validation is required.</p

Image_2_A cytokine/PTX3 prognostic index as a predictor of mortality in sepsis.tiff

BackgroundEarly prognostic stratification of patients with sepsis is a difficult clinical challenge. Aim of this study was to evaluate novel molecules in association with clinical parameters as predictors of 90-days mortality in patients admitted with sepsis at Humanitas Research Hospital.MethodsPlasma samples were collected from 178 patients, diagnosed based on Sepsis-3 criteria, at admission to the Emergency Department and after 5 days of hospitalization. Levels of pentraxin 3 (PTX3), soluble IL-1 type 2 receptor (sIL-1R2), and of a panel of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were measured by ELISA. Cox proportional-hazard models were used to evaluate predictors of 90-days mortality.ResultsCirculating levels of PTX3, sIL-1R2, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-18, IL-1ra, TNF-α increased significantly in sepsis patients on admission, with the highest levels measured in shock patients, and correlated with SOFA score (PTX3: r=0.44, pConclusionThese data suggest that a prognostic index based on selected cytokines, PTX3 and clinical parameters, and hence easily adoptable in clinical practice, performs in predicting 90-days mortality better than SOFA. An independent validation is required.</p