2 research outputs found
Electroresponsive Aqueous Silk Protein As “Smart” Mechanical Damping Fluid
Here we demonstrate the effectiveness
of an electroresponsive aqueous silk protein polymer as a smart mechanical
damping fluid. The aqueous polymer solution is liquid under ambient
conditions, but is reversibly converted into a gel once subjected
to an electric current, thereby increasing or decreasing in viscosity.
This nontoxic, biodegradable, reversible, edible fluid also bonds
to device surfaces and is demonstrated to reduce friction and provide
striking wear protection. The friction and mechanical damping coefficients
are shown to modulate with electric field exposure time and/or intensity.
Damping coefficient can be modulated electrically, and then preserved
without continued power for longer time scales than conventional “smart”
fluid dampers
Tuning Chemical and Physical Cross-Links in Silk Electrogels for Morphological Analysis and Mechanical Reinforcement
Electrochemically controlled, reversible
assembly of biopolymers
into hydrogel structures is a promising technique for on-demand cell
or drug encapsulation and release systems. An electrochemically sol–gel
transition has been demonstrated in regenerated Bombyx
mori silk fibroin, offering a controllable way to
generate biocompatible and reversible adhesives and other biomedical
materials. Despite the involvement of an electrochemically triggered
electrophoretic migration of the silk molecules, the mechanism of
the reversible electrogelation remains unclear. It is, however, known
that the freshly prepared silk electrogels (<i>e</i>-gels)
adopt a predominantly random coil conformation, indicating a lack
of cross-linking as well as thermal, mechanical, and morphological
stabilities. In the present work, the tuning of covalent and physical
β-sheet cross-links in silk hydrogels was studied for programming
the structural properties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed
delicate morphology, including locally aligned fibrillar structures,
in silk <i>e</i>-gels, preserved by combining glutaraldehyde-cross-linking
and ethanol dehydration. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic
analysis of either electrogelled, vortex-induced or spontaneously
formed silk hydrogels showed that the secondary structure of silk <i>e</i>-gels was tunable between non-β-sheet-dominated and
β-sheet-dominated states. Dynamic oscillatory rheology confirmed
the mechanical reinforcement of silk <i>e</i>-gels provided
by controlled chemical and physical cross-links. The selective incorporation
of either chemical or physical or both cross-links into the electrochemically
responsive, originally unstructured silk <i>e</i>-gel should
help in the design for electrochemically responsive protein polymers