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Alcohol dependence potentiates substance P/neurokinin-1 receptor signaling in the rat central nucleus of amygdala.
Behavioral and clinical studies suggest a critical role of substance P (SP)/neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R) signaling in alcohol dependence. Here, we examined regulation of GABA transmission in the medial subdivision of the central amygdala (CeM) by the SP/NK-1R system, and its neuroadaptation following chronic alcohol exposure. In naïve rats, SP increased action potential-dependent GABA release, and the selective NK-1R antagonist L822429 decreased it, demonstrating SP regulation of CeM activity under basal conditions. SP induced a larger GABA release in alcohol-dependent rats accompanied by decreased NK-1R expression compared to naïve controls, suggesting NK-1R hypersensitivity which persisted during protracted alcohol withdrawal. The NK-1R antagonist blocked acute alcohol-induced GABA release in alcohol-dependent and withdrawn but not in naïve rats, indicating that dependence engages the SP/NK-1R system to mediate acute effects of alcohol. Collectively, we report long-lasting CeA NK-1R hypersensitivity corroborating that NK-1Rs are promising targets for the treatment of alcohol use disorder
A Simple UV-Completion of QED in 5D
We construct a Lifshitz-like version of five-dimensional (5D) QED which is UV
- completed and reduces at low energies to ordinary 5D QED. The UV quantum
behaviour of this theory is very smooth. In particular, the gauge coupling
constant is finite at all energy scales and at all orders in perturbation
theory. We study the IR properties of this theory, when compactified on a
circle, and compare the one-loop energy dependence of the coupling in the
Lifshitz theory with that coming from the standard 5D QED effective field
theory. The range of validity of the 5D effective field theory is found to
agree with the more conservative version of Naive Dimensional Analysis.Comment: 24 pages, 7 figures; v2: Minor improvements, matches journal versio
Nonequilibrium dressing in a cavity with a movable reflecting mirror
We consider a movable mirror coupled to a one-dimensional massless scalar
field in a cavity. Both the field and the mirror's mechanical degrees of
freedom are described quantum-mechanically, and they can interact each other
via the radiation pressure operator. We investigate the dynamical evolution of
mirror and field starting from a nonequilibrium initial state, and their local
interaction which brings the system to a stationary configuration for long
times. This allows us to study the time-dependent dressing process of the
movable mirror interacting with the field, and its dynamics leading to a local
equilibrium dressed configuration. Also, in order to explore the effect of the
radiation pressure on both sides of the movable mirror, we generalize the
effective field-mirror Hamiltonian and previous results to the case of two
cavities sharing the same mobile boundary. This leads us to address, in the
appropriate limit, the dynamical dressing problem of a single mobile wall,
bounded by a harmonic potential, in the vacuum space.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure
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