5 research outputs found
Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles (MNP, a) synthesized in organic solvent and transferred to a water solution using PMA amphiphilic polymer (PMNP, b).
<p>MNP and PMNP were highly monodisperse in size as it is shown by TEM images (scale bars = 40 nm,). Part of the highly concentrated PMNP suspension (8 mg mL<sup>–1</sup>) was incorporated in a w/o cream (0.8 wt % concentration) (c).</p
Cytofluorimetric analysis showing PMNP nanoparticles uptake by mouse skin and lymph node cells.
<p>PMNP suspension (a, upper panels). Skin CD45-positive and negative cells showing CFSE incorporation. Note that most of the skin cells uptake PMNP nanoparticles administered with the cream formulation. (a, lower panels) CFSE-positive cells in the lymph nodes of mice that received PMNP nanoparticles via cream formulation or via sc administration. Note that only with sc PMNP administration, nanoparticle-positive cells can be detected in the draining lymph nodes. (b) Lymph node macrophages and dendritic cells, identified as CD11b- and CD11c-positive cells respectively, showing CFSE incorporation. Note that only when PMNP are administered sc, CFSE positive macrophages and dendritic cells can be detected in the lymph nodes.</p
Fates of nanoparticles depending on the route of skin administration.
<p>Nanoparticle administered in a cream formulation are taken up by all the skin cell types and do no reach the draining lymph nodes. Nanoparticle administered with a sc injection in aqueous suspension are efficiently transported to the draining lymph nodes.</p
Histological microphotograph of normal human skin section.
<p>Haematoxylin and eosin staining (original magnification 40Ă—) (a). <i>In vitro</i> diffusion studies of PMNP colloidal suspension or cream in human skin were carried out using Franz diffusion cells and diffused PMNP were quantified by ICP-OES analysis (b).</p
Luminescent Rhenium and Ruthenium Complexes of an Amphoteric Poly(amidoamine) Functionalized with 1,10-Phenanthroline
A new amphoteric copolymer, <b>PhenISA</b>, has
been obtained
by copolymerization of 4-(4′-aminobutyl)-1,10-phenanthroline
(BAP) with 2-methylpiperazine and bisÂ(acrylamido)Âacetic acid (BAC)
(6% of phenanthroline-containing repeating units). The copolymer showed
excellent solubility in water, where it self-aggregated to give clear
nanoparticle suspensions (hydrodynamic diameter = 21 ± 2 nm,
by dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis). The phenanthroline pendants
of the polymer stably coordinated either ReÂ(CO)<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup> or RuÂ(phen)<sub>2</sub><sup>2+</sup> fragments, affording luminescent <b>Re-PhenISA</b>, <b>Re-Py-PhenISA</b>, and <b>Ru-PhenISA</b> polymer complexes, emitting from triplet metal-to-ligand charge
transfer (<sup>3</sup>MLCT) excited states (with λ<sub>em</sub> = 608, 571, and 614 nm, respectively, and photoluminescence quantum
yields Φ<sub>em</sub> = 0.7%, 4.8%, and 4.1%, in aerated water
solution, respectively). DLS analyses indicated that the polymer complexes
maintained the nanosize of <b>PhenISA</b>. All the complexes
were stable under physiological conditions (pH 7.4, 0.15 M NaCl) in
the presence of an excess of the ubiquitous competitor cysteine. In
vitro viability assays showed no toxicity of <b>Re-Py-PhenISA</b> and <b>Ru-PhenISA</b> complexes, at concentrations in the
range of 0.5–50 μM (calculated on the metal-containing
unit), toward HEK-293 (human embryonic kidney) cells. A preliminary
investigation of internalization in HEK-293 cells, by means of fluorescence
confocal microscopy, showed that <b>Ru-PhenISA</b> enters cells
via an endocytic pathway and, subsequently, homogeneously diffuse
within the cytoplasm across the vesicle membranes