28 research outputs found
A retrospective study on the association between urine metanephrines and cardiometabolic risk in patients with nonfunctioning adrenal incidentaloma
Several studies argued that cardiovascular evaluation of patients with nonfunctioning adrenal incidentaloma is of particular importance. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the possibility of stratifying the cardiometabolic risk using metanephrine levels in this setting of patients. A retrospective cross-sectional study was designed, collecting data of metanephrine values in 828 patients with nonfunctioning adrenal incidentaloma, referred to our Division within the University of Turin between 2007 and 2021. The univariate analysis showed associations between urine metanephrines and cardiometabolic variables/parameters, particularly considering the noradrenaline metabolite. At the univariate regression, normetanephrine was associated with metabolic syndrome (OR = 1.13, p = 0.002), hypertensive cardiomyopathy (OR = 1.09, p = 0.026), microalbuminuria (OR = 1.14, p = 0.024), and eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) (OR = 1.11, p = 0.013), while metanephrine was associated with microalbuminuria (OR = 1.50, p = 0.008). At multivariate regression, considering all major cardiovascular risk factors as possible confounders, normetanephrine retained a significant association with metabolic syndrome (OR = 1.10, p = 0.037). Moreover, metanephrine retained a significant association with the presence of microalbuminuria (OR = 1.66, p = 0.003). The present study showed a further role for metanephrines in the cardiovascular risk stratification of patients with nonfunctioning adrenal incidentaloma. Individuals with high levels of these indirect markers of sympathetic activity should be carefully monitored and may benefit from an aggressive treatment to reduce their additional cardiometabolic burden
The scope of coverage under the Rotterdam Rules - Unimodal and multimodal aspects
U radu se proučavaju, raščlanjuju i interpretiraju sve relevantne odredbe o polju primjene
Roterdamskih pravila. Analizira se njihovo opće polje primjene, govori se o ugovorima,
prijevozima te subjektima prijevoznih poslova na koje se Roterdamska pravila
primjenjuju. ProuÄŤavaju se i specifiÄŤne odredbe o posebnim iskljuÄŤenjima. TumaÄŤi se u
kojem opsegu Roterdamska pravila pokrivaju multimodalni prijevoz te se govori o multimodalnosti
kao obiljeĹľju suvremenog prijevoza i unifikaciji multimodalnog prijevoza.
Pomno se ulazi u sadrĹľaj i doseg odredbi kojima se propisuju uvjeti koji moraju biti ispunjeni
da bi odredbe druge međunarodne prijevozne konvencije imale prednost u odnosu
na odredbe Roterdamskih pravila. Nastoji se ukazati i na razlike u pogledu njezinog polja
primjene i polja primjene međunarodnih konvencija koje su na snazi, a kojima se uređuje
prijevoz stvari morem.
Odredbe o polju primjene iznimno su vaĹľne i zadiru u bit nove konvencije, njezinu
koncepciju, temeljna načela i ciljeve novog pravnog uređenja koje Konvencija propisuje.
Najvažnije novine polja primjene Roterdamskih pravila u odnosu na međunarodne konvencije
koje su na snazi, a koje uređuju prijevoz stvari morem jesu proširenje polja primjene
na prijevoze “od vrata do vrata” i novo uređenje prijevoznih isprava.
Cilj rada je skrenuti paĹľnju na polje primjene kao vaĹľno pitanje koje utjeÄŤe na recepciju
Roterdamskih pravila i istaknuti ona rješenja koja se najviše kritiziraju i za koja se
osnovano moĹľe pretpostaviti da predstavljaju zapreku za njihovu recepciju.This paper considers the application of provisions of the United Nations Convention on
Contracts for the International Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea (the Rotterdam Rules).
The scope of coverage issues go to the heart of the new Convention. This article highlights
the major topics relating to the scope of coverage. All aspects of this key issue are examined
here: the general scope of application; criteria that must be satisfied for the Convention to
be applied; types of transactions that the Convention might govern; application to certain
parties. Some of these questions have been particularly controversial. Moreover, this paper
addresses the circumstances under which the Rotterdam Rules give way to other conventions.
The author discusses issues that may arise from the fact that the Convention will cover both
the inward and the outward carriage. It further considers specific exclusions from the Convention.
Differences between the Rotterdam Rules and the international legislation in force
are pointed out.
One of the most significant changes introduced by the Rotterdam Rules to the existing law
is the expansion of its scope of coverage to include the door-to-door transport. The Convention
covers both the inbound and the outbound international shipments to or from a Contracting
State. The Convention applies to contracts in both the liner and the non-liner trades, but not
to charterparties and other contracts for the use of a ship or of any space thereon. Volume
contract, to which the Convention applies, may provide for greater or lesser obligations and
liabilities than those imposed by the Rotterdam Rules