Additional file 1: Table S1. of The protective role of religiosity against problem gambling: findings from a five-year prospective study

Contrasts between all categories of religious affiliation when examining the influence of frequency of religious service attendance on the intercept and slope of problem gambling severity, by gender (n = 3959). Table presenting all contrasts between religious affiliation. (DOCX 14 kb

Alcohol significantly lowers the seizure threshold in mice when co-administered with bupropion hydrochloride-1

of mice were 116.72 (CI: 107.95, 126.20) and 89.40 (CI: 64.92, 123.10) mg/kg for the dose-response curves for bupropion alone and ET + bupropion HCl, respectively. Doses of bupropion HCl administered intraperitoneally (IP) were 0 (vehicle or ET + vehicle only), 100, 110, and 120 mg/kg. Ethanol pretreatment was with 2.5 g/kg IP 5 min prior to administration of bupropion HCl. Each data point is the percentage of convulsing mice in n = 10 mice. ET, ethanol + vehicle; S, vehicle (0.9% NaCl).<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Alcohol significantly lowers the seizure threshold in mice when co-administered with bupropion hydrochloride"</p><p>http://www.annals-general-psychiatry.com/content/7/1/11</p><p>Annals of General Psychiatry 2008;7():11-11.</p><p>Published online 18 Aug 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2531112.</p><p></p

Alcohol significantly lowers the seizure threshold in mice when co-administered with bupropion hydrochloride-0

of mice were 116.72 (CI: 107.95, 126.20) and 89.40 (CI: 64.92, 123.10) mg/kg for the dose-response curves for bupropion alone and ET + bupropion HCl, respectively. Doses of bupropion HCl administered intraperitoneally (IP) were 0 (vehicle or ET + vehicle only), 100, 110, and 120 mg/kg. Ethanol pretreatment was with 2.5 g/kg IP 5 min prior to administration of bupropion HCl. Each data point is the percentage of convulsing mice in n = 10 mice. ET, ethanol + vehicle; S, vehicle (0.9% NaCl).<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Alcohol significantly lowers the seizure threshold in mice when co-administered with bupropion hydrochloride"</p><p>http://www.annals-general-psychiatry.com/content/7/1/11</p><p>Annals of General Psychiatry 2008;7():11-11.</p><p>Published online 18 Aug 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2531112.</p><p></p

Degradation of (La_0.6Sr_0.4)_0.95(Co_0.2Fe_0.8)O_3−δ Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Cathodes at the Nanometer Scale and below

The degradation of intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell (ITSOFC) cathodes has been identified as a major issue limiting the development of ITSOFCs as high efficiency energy conversion devices. In this work, the effect of Cr poisoning on (La_0.6Sr_0.4)_0.95(Co_0.2Fe_0.8)­O_3‑δ (LSCF6428), a particularly promising ITSOFC cathode material, was investigated on symmetrical cells using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and multiscale structural/chemical analysis by advanced electron and ion microscopy. The systematic combination of bulk and high-resolution analysis on the same cells allows, for the first time, direct correlation of Cr induced performance degradation with subtle and localized structural/chemical changes of the cathode down to the atomic scale. Up to 2 orders of magnitude reduction in conductivity, oxygen surface exchange rate, and diffusivity were observed in Cr poisoned LSCF6428 samples. These effects are associated with the formation of nanometer size SrCrO₄; grain boundary segregation of Cr; enhanced B-site element exsolution (both Fe and Co); and reduction in the Fe valence, the latter two being related to Cr substitution in LSCF. The finding that significant degradation of the cathode happens before obvious microscale change points to new critical SOFC degradation mechanisms effective at the nanometer scale and below

Reactive oxygen species mediated diaphragm fatigue in a rat model of chronic intermittent hypoxia.

Respiratory muscle dysfunction documented in sleep apnoea patients is perhaps due to oxidative stress secondary to chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH). We sought to explore the effects of different CIH protocols on respiratory muscle form and function in a rodent model. Adult male Wistar rats were exposed to CIH (n = 32) consisting of 90 s normoxia-90 s hypoxia (either 10 or 5% oxygen at the nadir; arterial O2 saturation ∼ 90 or 80%, respectively] for 8 h per day or to sham treatment (air-air, n = 32) for 1 or 2 weeks. Three additional groups of CIH-treated rats (5% O2 for 2 weeks) had free access to water containing N-acetyl cysteine (1% NAC, n = 8), tempol (1 mM, n = 8) or apocynin (2 mM, n = 8). Functional properties of the diaphragm muscle were examined ex vivo at 35 °C. The myosin heavy chain and sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase isoform distribution, succinate dehydrogenase and glyercol phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme activities, Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase pump content, concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, DNA oxidation and antioxidant capacity were determined. Chronic intermittent hypoxia (5% oxygen at the nadir; 2 weeks) decreased diaphragm muscle force and endurance. All three drugs reversed the deleterious effects of CIH on diaphragm endurance, but only NAC prevented CIH-induced diaphragm weakness. Chronic intermittent hypoxia increased diaphragm muscle myosin heavy chain 2B areal density and oxidized glutathione/reduced glutathione (GSSG/GSH) ratio. We conclude that CIH-induced diaphragm dysfunction is reactive oxygen species dependent. N-Acetyl cysteine was most effective in reversing CIH-induced effects on diaphragm. Our results suggest that respiratory muscle dysfunction in sleep apnoea may be the result of oxidative stress and, as such, antioxidant treatment could prove a useful adjunctive therapy for the disorder.</p