The Local Interest as a Consideration in the Planning of Highway Construction in the Canyonlands Region of Southeastern Utah

An examination was conducted of the potential of proposed highway construction for serving the needs and interests of the population of the Canyonlands Region of southeastern Utah. The history of the highway development issue in the region was first examined with special attention given to the local position on the issue as expressed by local government spokesmen. Next, the total system of development proposals for the region was divided into four sections using criteria of area served and degree of controversy. A map analysis was conducted to determine how these four separate proposals would serve transportation needs of the region. Travel data for 1971 Utah nonresident travelers were utilized to determine present tourism travel and expenditure patterns within the region. Projections were made as to how these patterns would be altered by the four proposals and of how such alterations would affect the tourism industry in the five Canyonlands counties. Region resident perceptions of how the proposals would serve transportation, tourism development, and general economic needs of the region, its counties, and communities were obtained from 231 questionnaires. The same instruments also examined resident preferences for route development. The analyses indicated that the proposed developments will have few effects on regional transportation needs, and that the impact on the tourism industry will be substantial in some areas within the region and negligible in others. Resident expectations of which proposals would best meet county, community, and household needs were generally realistic. Residents assigned priority for development to proposals anticipated to best serve needs at these levels. Regional needs were not clearly perceived and were not important in determining development preferences. The position on the highway development issue taken by local government leaders distorts the views of residents but does so in a way which generally serves the local interest

Modeling the Cordilleran Ice Sheet

A time-dependent ice flow model is used to provide detailed reconstructions of ice growth and retreat for the southern portion of the Late Wisconsinan Cordilleran Ice Sheet. The two-dimensional, time-dependent model provides ice surface elevations and flow directions at a grid spacing of 15 km. Input to the model includes subglacial topography, a net mass balance function, and two ice flow parameters. The net mass balance function uses a polynomial equation to estimate equilibrium line altitude (ELA) across the study area. A quadratic equation is then used to provide net mass balance values as a function of elevation relative to the ELA. Late Wisconsinan glacial conditions are simulated by systematically lowering the ELA. The general timing of the model ice advance and retreat is tested against radiocarbon dated localities which place limits on the ice sheet's areal extent for different times during the Late Wisconsinan glaciation. In addition, glacial-geologic evidence directly attributable to the latest Cordilleran Ice Sheet is used in assessing the model reconstructions. Results from these experiments show that an ice growth and retreat chronology consistent with the limiting radiocarbon dates can be generated using the model, and provide information on flow directions and ice growth and retreat patterns.On a élaboré un modèle d'écoulement glaciaire spatio-temporel qui permette la reconstitution précise de la croissance et du retrait de la partie centrale de l'Inlandsis de la Cordillère, au Wisconsinien supérieur. Le modèle bi-dimensionnel et temporel illustre les différentes altitudes de la surface glaciaire et les directions d'écoulement dans une grille dont les carreaux ont 15 km de côté. Les données de base comprennent la topographie sous-glaciaire, la fonction du bilan de masse net et deux paramètres de l'écoulement glaciaire. Une équation polynomiale sert a estimer l'altitude de la ligne d'équilibre dans la région à l'étude à partir de la fonction du bilan de masse net. Une équation quadratique permet ensuite d'obtenir les valeurs du bilan de masse net en tant que fonction de l'altitude relative de la ligne d'équilibre. Les conditions glaciaires au Wisconsinien supérieur sont simulées en abaissant de façon systématique l'altitude de la ligne d'équilibre. La chronologie générale de la croissance et du retrait établie dans le modèle est vérifiée par les sites datés au radiocarbone qui donnent des repères quant à l'étendue de l'inlandsis à différentes périodes de la glaciation du Wisconsinien supérieur. Les données de géologie glaciaire directement attribuables au dernier inlandsis ont également servi à vérifier le modèle. Les résultats tirés de ces expériences indiquent qu'une chronologie de la glaciation conforme aux datations au radiocarbone peut être établie en utilisant le modèle, qui livre aussi des renseignements sur les directions d'écoulement, ainsi que sur les modes de croissance et de retrait.Um Eisausdehnung und Eisrùckzug fur den sudlichen Teil der Kordilleren-Eisdecke im Spàt-Wisconsin detailliert zu rekonstruieren, hat man ein zeitabhàngiges EisfluBmodell benutzt. Das zweidimensionale, zeitabhângige Modell gibt Auskunft ûber die verschiedenen Hôhen der Eisoberflàche und die Richtungen des FlieBens in einem Raster von Quadraten mit 15 km Seitenlànge. Zu den Eingaben in das Modell gehôren die subglaziale Topographie, die Funktion der Netto-Masse-Bilanz und zwei EisfluB-Parameter. Die Funktion der Netto-Masse-Bilanz benutzt eine polynomische Gleichung, um die Hôhe der Gleichgewichtslinie quer durch das untersuchte Gebiet abzuschàtzen. Eine quadratische Gleichung wird dann benutzt, um die Werte der Netto-Masse-Bilanz als eine Funktion der Hôhe in Bezug auf die Gleichgewichtslinie zu berechnen. Man simuliert die glazialen Bedingungen im spâten Wisconsin, indem man die Gleichgewichtslinie systematisch senkt. Die allgemeine Chronologie des Eisvor-und RùckstoBes im Modell wird ùberprùft mittels Vergleich mit Plâtzen, zu denen es Radiokarbondaten gibt und die der Ausdehnung der Eisflàche zu verschiedenen Zeiten wàhrend der spàtwisconsinischen Vereisung Grenzen setzen. Zusâtzlich werden bei der Festsetzung der Modell-Rekonstruktionen glazialgeologische Zeugnisse genutzt, die der spàtesten Kordilleren-Eisdecke direkt zuzuschreiben sind. Ergebnisse dieser Expérimente zeigen, daf3 mittels des Modells eine Eisausdehnungs- und Eisrûckzugschronologie geschaffen werden kann, die mit den Grenzwerten der Radiokarbondaten ùbereinstimmt und Informationen ùber FlieBrichtungen und Eisausdehnungs und Eisrùckzugsmuster liefert

The Importance of Recruitment in Job Choice: A Different Way of Looking

Recent literature reviews have called into question the impact of recruitment activities on applicants\u27 job choices. However, most previous findings have been based on cross-sectional ratings obtained immediately after initial screening interviews, thus raising questions about the degree to which prior conclusions are bound to that particuJar methodology. In contrast, the present study used longitudinal structured interviews to let job seekers explain, in their own words, how they made critical job search and choice decisions. Interview transcripts revealed that recruitment practices played a variety of roles in job seeker decisions. For example, consistent with signalling theory, subjects interpreted a wide variety of recruitment experiences (recruiter competence, sex composition of interview panels, recruitment delays) as symbolic of broader organizational characteristics. In addition, a number of contingency variables emerged that seemed to affect the perceived signalling value of recruitment experiences (e.g., prior knowledge of the company, functional area of the recruiter). Also notable were the strongly negative effects of recruitment delays, particularly among male students with higher grade point averages and greater job search success. Finally, our results suggest that certain applicant reactions may be systematically related to sex, work experience, grade point average, and search success. The article concludes with practical and research implications

Recruiter Perceptions of Applicant Fit: Commonalities and Differences

To date, normative selection models have focused primarily on matching individual knowledges, skills, and abilities to job requirements. However, it has increasingly been argued that people should also be selected for fit to broader organizational characteristics such as strategy, culture and values. Despite the apparent reasonableness of these claims, there has been little research on how employers actually go about the task of screening or selecting for broader organizational fit. Accordingly, the present study examined how organizational recruiters assess applicant fit. Fifty-four campus recruiters in four colleges provided examples of best-fitting and worst-fitting applicants from just-completed interview schedules, along with specific descriptions of what it was that made each applicant fit or not fit . Examination of interview transcripts suggested that despite the recent emphasis on unique organizational values, strategies, or cultures in discussions of fit, by far the most frequently-mentioned determinants of fit were either (1) job-related coursework or experience, or (2) generally (rather than uniquely) desirable personal characteristics such as articulateness, positive personal appearance, and good general communication skills. However, some systematic differences were detected in the extent to which particular characteristics were sought by recruiters in different colleges or by those recruiting for different types of vacancies. Findings are related to previous research, and implications for applicants, employers, and future researchers are offered

US Policy on Stabilization and Reconstruction in Fragile States

This course will deal with the new developments in US policy for dealing with failing or fragile states. Earlier references to nation-building have been replaced by the term stabilization and reconstruction and both the military and civilian sides of government have developed doctrine for dealing with these situations. These doctrines claim to recognize that efforts to remake societies in our image are doomed due to lack of resources and resistance to change in developing nations, though the steps proposed may be quite far-reaching. While lessons learned in conflict situations such as Bosnia, Iraq and Afghanistan will be considered, primary emphasis will be on states now hovering on the brink of collapse. Attention will be paid to innovative tools such as anthropology, as well as to rule of law, sustainable development and democracy building. The newly released State Department Quadrennial Review of Diplomacy and Development will be closely studied as a possible guideline to future policies. The course will include lectures, class discussions, and case studies. There will be input from practitioners, and information will be provided on opportunities in the field as more civilians are sent abroad as direct hires to carry out programs on the ground. A central issue throughout the semester will be the inherent contradiction between stability and changes which come about as a result of reconstruction and development

MOND rotation curves for spiral galaxies with Cepheid-based distances

Rotation curves for four spiral galaxies with recently determined Cepheid-based distances are reconsidered in terms of modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND). For two of the objects, NGC 2403 and NGC 7331, the rotation curves predicted by MOND are compatible with the observed curves when these galaxies are taken to be at the Cepheid distance. For NGC 3198, the largest distance for which reasonable agreement is obtained is 10% smaller than the Cepheid-based distance; i.e., MOND clearly prefers a smaller distance. This conclusion is unaltered when new near-infrared photometry of NGC 3198 is taken as the tracer of the stellar mass distribution. For the large Sc spiral, NGC 2841, MOND requires a distance which is at least 20% larger than the Cepheid-based distance. However, the discrepancy of the Tully-Fisher and SNIa distances with the Cepheid determination casts some doubt upon the Cepheid method in this case.Comment: Accepted for publication in astronomy and astrophysics 9 pages, 9 figure