4,030 research outputs found
Recent U.S. Trade Policy and its Global Implications
The purpose of this paper is to describe United States trade policy since World War II, and to assess the possibility for ongoing U.S.trade-policy leadership. U.S. trade policy has shown remarkable consistency since World War II. It has never been as purely free-trade-focussed as some commentators suggest, but it has not recently shifted toward isolationism as dramatically as alarmists fear. It has almost always been best described as "open, but fair," with injury to import competitors being the measure of "fairness." The general consistency of U.S. trade policy over time is quite remarkable given the frequent change of political party in power, especially in the executive branch, but also in the Congress. U.S. trade-policy leadership seems still potentially strong despite a decline in U.S. hegemony. It is clearly strong in a protectionist direction.Any shift toward aggressive insularity justifies parallel trade-policy aggression in the eyes of trading partners. It is arguably strong ina liberalizing direction as well. The U.S. seems ideally poised for aggressive trade-policy peacemaking; perhaps multilaterally, but perhaps also bilaterally; perhaps with its traditional industrial trading partners, but perhaps also with Japan and newly industrializing Asian countries that play so importanta role in U.S. trade, and that, on many matters,may be closer in spirit to U.S. economic philosophy than Europe, Canada, or Latin America.
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Monitoring Sale Transactions for Illegal Activity
Discriminant analysis and neural network methodologies were applied to the problem of identifying illegal sales transactions. The researchers independently developed models using data provided by a cr^it card company. A series of measures were developed and used to construct the models. The final results were that the discriminant analysis model recognized 32.3% of the fraudulent activity, while the neural network approach found 28.9%. With only 11.6% of the transactions in common, the combination of the two models identified 49.6%i. In order to provide a real time monitoring program, the models were simplified yielding a capture rate of approximately 42%
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The Value of Automobile Surveys in Reducing the Buyer’s Risk
Consumers use quality surveys to reduce risk in purchasing a car. The J. D. Power’s initial quality survey of automobile buyers reports the number of problems found in the first 90 days of ownership. It is important that this information be clear and concise for the public to understand. In 2006, the surveys were changed to combine two measures of quality, number of defects and design problems, into a single number. In prior years, only the number of defects was used. The survey design change combined with issues related to the methodology in aggregating values leads to confusion and inconsistencies over time as the difference between cars becomes insignificant. The conclusion recommends changes to correct these problems
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Reducing Risk by Leveraging Information for a Competitive Advantage in Bidding
Sales management is responsible for securing business by submitting bids for contracts to supply their products to wholesalers and retailers. In this case study, the bidding information was organized to improve the process for evaluating each contract using a model. The model is used in daily operations to price products in a frequently repeated, sequential auction environment for contracts awarded to the lowest price. This methodology quantifies three factors in developing a probability distribution describing the potential of winning the contract. These factors include the competitor\u27s reaction to the last winning bid, the second lowest bid and their own bid. Other factors that influence the pricing decision, such as quantity, geography, and number of competitors, are included in the selecting of contracts to build the model. For over a decade, management utilized this technique to maintain over $300 million in sales each year
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The Value of a Technical Service Bulletin Index for the Consumer
Automobile Technical Service Bulletin Index represents additional information pertaining on the quality of a vehicle. Currently, there is no way for the consumer to evaluate this large amount of information when buying a new car. A Technical Service Bulletin Index is developed as an aid to the consumer to better understand the quality issues related to thirty different car models. When compared to two major existing surveys, the J.D. Power Initial Quality Study and the J.D. Power Vehicle Dependability Study, the Technical Service Bulletin Index proved that it provides new, useful information about automobile quality for consumers to use when making the decision of their next automobile purchase
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