Constraining Phosphorus in Surface Waters of the New York City Watershed: Dairy Farm Resource Use and Profitability

The New York City Watershed Agricultural Program seeks to reduce the potential for phosphorus movement from farms to surface waters. A "phosphorus index for site evaluation" (P-index) provides planners in the New York City Watershed Agricultural Program with a tool for identifying individual farm business, phosphorus related problems, and evaluating solutions. A linear programming model is employed to examine dairy farm resource use and profitability, with the P-index used to impose phosphorus movement constraints. Results indicate dramatic differences in farm resource use and farm business profitability depending on the level of the P-index. Small changes in the target index level result in large shifts in optimal resource use and business profitability. These differences illustrate that restrictions on phosphorus movement from land to surface waters potentially have major impacts on resource use and farm profitability in the New York City Watershed

UO2 CORROSION IN HIGH SURFACE-AREA-TO-VOLUME BATCH EXPERIMENTS

Unsaturated drip tests have been used to investigate the alteration of unirradiated UO{sub 2} and spent UO{sub 2} fuel in an unsaturated environment, such as may be expected in the proposed repository at Yucca Mountain. In these tests, simulated groundwater is periodically injected onto a sample at 90 C in a steel vessel. The solids react with the dripping groundwater and water condensed on surfaces to form a suite of U(VI) alteration phases. Solution chemistry is determined from leachate at the bottom of each vessel after the leachate stops interacting with the solids. A more detailed knowledge of the compositional evolution of the leachate is desirable. By providing just enough water to maintain a thin film of water on a small quantity of fuel in batch experiments, we can more closely monitor the compositional changes to the water as it reacts to form alteration phases

Developing A Farm Plan to Address Water Quality and Farm Business Objectives: A Framework for Planning

R.B. 96-13This report describes a planning framework to help guide on-farm efforts that seek to address agriculture's potential to adversely affect water quality while achieving farm business objectives. Principles and concepts from modern management thought and economics underlie the framework. This report introduces the Whole Farm Planning and Implementation Process of the New York City Watershed Agricultural Program. The process embodies the planning framework and guides on-farm planning and implementation efforts in the New York City Watershed. Economic and management aspects of the process receive emphasis

CONSTRAINING PHOSPHORUS IN SURFACE WATER: DAIRY FARM RESOURCE USE AND PROFITABILITY

WP 1998-12 September 1998The New York City Watershed Agricultural Program (NYCU7AJP) seeks to reduce the potential for phosphorus movement from farms to surface waters. Toward this objective, a Phosphorus Index for Site Evaluation P-Index) provides planners in the NYCWAP with a tool for identifying problems and evaluating solutions. A linear programming model was used to examine dairy farm resource use and profitability given resource constraints and constraints on the values of the P-Index. Results indicate dramatic differences in expected effects on resource use and returns above variable costs between less restrictive targets in the upper end of the medium (for example, 24 and 17) and more restrictive targets in the lower end of the range (for example, 13 through 10). The differences have implications for choosing a target to guide planning on farms - regarding expected effects on profitability, the target within the medium range matters

CONSTRAINING PHOSPHORUS IN SURFACE WATER: DAIRY FARM RESOURCE USE AND PROFITABILITY

The New York City Watershed Agricultural Program (NYCU7AJP) seeks to reduce the potential for phosphorus movement from farms to surface waters. Toward this objective, a "Phosphorus Index for Site Evaluation" P-Index) provides planners in the NYCWAP with a tool for identifying problems and evaluating solutions. A linear programming model was used to examine dairy farm resource use and profitability given resource constraints and constraints on the values of the P-Index. Results indicate dramatic differences in expected effects on resource use and returns above variable costs between less restrictive targets in the upper end of the "medium" (for example, 24 and 17) and more restrictive targets in the lower end of the range (for example, 13 through 10). The differences have implications for choosing a target to guide planning on farms - regarding expected effects on profitability, the target within the "medium" range matters

DEVELOPING A FARM PLAN TO ADDRESS WATER QUALITY AND FARM BUSINESS OBJECTIVES: A FRAMEWORK FOR PLANNING

This report describes a planning framework to help guide on-farm efforts that seek to address agriculture's potential to adversely affect water quality while achieving farm business objectives. Principles and concepts from modern management thought and economics underlie the framework. This report introduces the Whole Farm Planning and Implementation Process of the New York City Watershed Agricultural Program. The process embodies the planning framework and guides on-farm planning and implementation efforts in the New York City Watershed. Economic and management aspects of the process receive emphasis

CONSTRAINING PHOSPHORUS IN SURFACE WATER: DAIRY FARM RESOURCE USE AND PROFITABILITY

The New York City Watershed Agricultural Program (NYCU7AJP) seeks to reduce the potential for phosphorus movement from farms to surface waters. Toward this objective, a "Phosphorus Index for Site Evaluation" P-Index) provides planners in the NYCWAP with a tool for identifying problems and evaluating solutions. A linear programming model was used to examine dairy farm resource use and profitability given resource constraints and constraints on the values of the P-Index. Results indicate dramatic differences in expected effects on resource use and returns above variable costs between less restrictive targets in the upper end of the "medium" (for example, 24 and 17) and more restrictive targets in the lower end of the range (for example, 13 through 10). The differences have implications for choosing a target to guide planning on farms - regarding expected effects on profitability, the target within the "medium" range matters.Environmental Economics and Policy, Livestock Production/Industries,

Constraining Phosphorus in Surface Waters of the New York City Watershed: Dairy Farm Resource Use and Profitability

The New York City Watershed Agricultural Program seeks to reduce the potential for phosphorus movement from farms to surface waters. A "phosphorus index for site evaluation" (P-index) provides planners in the New York City Watershed Agricultural Program with a tool for identifying individual farm business, phosphorus related problems, and evaluating solutions. A linear programming model is employed to examine dairy farm resource use and profitability, with the P-index used to impose phosphorus movement constraints. Results indicate dramatic differences in farm resource use and farm business profitability depending on the level of the P-index. Small changes in the target index level result in large shifts in optimal resource use and business profitability. These differences illustrate that restrictions on phosphorus movement from land to surface waters potentially have major impacts on resource use and farm profitability in the New York City Watershed.Agribusiness, Environmental Economics and Policy,

UO2 Corrosion in High Surface-Area-To-Volume Batch Experiments

Unsaturated drip tests have been used to investigate the alteration of unirradiated UO{sub 2} and spent UO{sub 2} fuel in an unsaturated environment, such as may be expected in the proposed repository at Yucca Mountain. In these tests, simulated groundwater is periodically injected onto a sample at 90 C in a steel vessel. The solids react with the dripping groundwater and water condensed on surfaces to form a suite of U(VI) alteration phases. Solution chemistry is determined from leachate at the bottom of each vessel after the leachate stops interacting with the solids. A more detailed knowledge of the compositional evolution of the leachate is desirable. By providing just enough water to maintain a thin film of water on a small quantity of fuel in batch experiments, we can more closely monitor the compositional changes to the water as it reacts to form alteration phases