Difference in classification accuracy by cell number and confusion matrix by neuron group.

<p><b>A.</b> Classification result over all 21 neurons. Blue stars and red circle denote the classification accuracy on taste categories (i.e. NaCl, acids, or mixtures) in the NS and AG groups, respectively. Black squares and magenta diamonds denote the classification accuracy on individual taste stimuli in the two groups, respectively. Each dashed line denotes the averaged accuracy in the corresponding group where the color matches. <b>B.</b> The average confusion matrix in the NS group. Each (<i>i</i>, <i>j</i>) entry in this matrix corresponds to the averaged (over all NS neurons) probability that the <i>i</i>-th stimulus is classified to the <i>j</i>-th one. <b>C.</b> The average confusion matrix in the AG group.</p

Typical response patterns in each group.

<p><b>A.</b> Raster plot of all spike trains of a Na-Specialist (Cell 18) with respect to 10 different stimuli. Each trial was divided into three regions: a 5-s pre-stimulus period, a 5-s stimulus application period, and a 5-s post-stimulus period. Dots on each row denote the spike times. For simplification, we use letters N, A1, A2, A3, A4, NA1, NA2, NA3, NA4, C, to denote the 10 taste stimuli, respectively. <b>B.</b> Averaged numbers of spikes of each stimulus in the pre-stimulus period (blue bars), stimulus application period (green bars), and post-stimulus period (red bars), respectively. <b>C and D.</b> Same as A and B except for an Acid Generalist (Cell 11).</p

Raster plot of original spike train data and plot of same data with “noise” removed.

<p><b>A.</b> Left panel: Spike trains of a Na-Specialist (Cell 12) with respect to the 10 stimuli in the pre-stimulus and stimulus application period. Dots on each row denote the spike times. The mean spike train in the pre-stimulus period is also shown using vertical lines in the bottom row in the data. Right panel: The “noise-removed” spike trains during the stimulus application period. <b>B.</b> Same as A except for an Acid Generalist (Cell 15).</p

The mean spike train for each neuron group.

<p><b>A.</b> Each row is the mean spike train of all trains in the NS group (for all 13 neurons) for a specific taste (shown along the y-axis). Short, vertical lines on each row denote the spike times and the colors are consistent to that in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0065439#pone-0065439-g002" target="_blank">Fig. 2</a>. <b>B.</b> Same as A except for the AG group (for all 8 neurons).</p

Classification accuracy and the confusion matrices in NS and AG groups using “noise-removed” spike trains.

<p>The plot in <b>A</b> and two images in <b>B</b> and <b>C</b> are the same as those in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0065439#pone-0065439-g005" target="_blank">Fig. 5</a> except that the background firing activity has been removed.</p

Difference of classification accuracies using the original spike trains and “noise-removed” spike trains with respect to the number of spikes in the mean spike trains in the pre-stimulus period.

<p>Blue dot and red circle denote the cells in the NS and AG groups, respectively.</p

Induction of Salivary Proteins Modifies Measures of Both Orosensory and Postingestive Feedback during Exposure to a Tannic Acid Diet - Figure 4

<p>A–D: White bars represent feeding behaviors measured while animals were consuming the control diet; grey bars represent the same behaviors measured while animals were on the 3% tannic acid diet. The white bar labeled ‘C’ represents a 5-day average of behavioral measures on the control diet prior to exposure to the tannic acid diet. Food intake (A) and meal size (B) were decreased on the first 3 days of exposure to the tannic acid diet but returned to control levels by day 4. Meal number (C) was increased during the first 2 days of exposure to the tannic acid diet but returned to control-levels by day 3. Rate of feeding (D) was decreased throughout the entire exposure to the tannic acid diet buy this effect was most pronounced during the first 3 days.</p

Data depicted in the larger graphs are densitometry units normalized to average control (water replete) protein expressions (which are set to 1).

<p>The first bar (stippled) represents the average water replete expression of protein concentration, while all rats were fed the control diet. The data in the remainder of the bars were collected in the water-deprived condition. The white bar represents the average protein expression of all rats on the day of their first exposure to the brief-access taste test. The white bar with hash marks represents the saliva samples collected the day of the second exposure to the brief-access test by rats that were maintained on the control diet. The gray bar with hash marks represents the saliva samples collected the day of the second exposure to the brief-access test by rats that were maintained on the tannic acid diet between exposures. Statistical analyses were not preformed on these data. Total protein concentration was significantly altered by water deprivation making comparisons between samples unreliable. We have presented them only to illustrate the relative abundance of proteins across treatments. The inset graphs represent the change in densitometry units between the two test sessions (i.e. test 1 protein expression- test 2 protein expression) for the control group (white bar with hash marks) and experimental group (gray bar with hash marks). *Experimental group greater than the control group, P<0.05.</p

The sequence of rat protein cystatin S (Uniprot accession P19313).

<p>Bold regions indicate where tryptic peptides detected in proteomic analysis overlay the protein sequence.</p

Data are densitometry units normalized to average control diet protein expressions (set to 1) as well as IgA expression.

<p>White bars represent protein expression measured while the experimental animals were consuming the control diet (average of the final 5 days; depicted by white bars labelled “C”), and grey bars represent expression of the same protein while the experimental animals were consuming the 3% tannic acid diet. The line graphs represent the same protein densitometry measures for animals that were maintained on the control diet for the entire course of the study. *Significant within-subject difference between protein expression on the control and experimental diets (p<0.05, bonferoni corrected for multiple comparisons).</p