5,150 research outputs found
EasyDIAg: A tool for easy determination of interrater agreement
Reliable measurements are fundamental for the empirical sciences. In observational research, measurements often consist of observers categorizing behavior into nominalscaled units. Since the categorization is the outcome of a complex judgment process, it is important to evaluate the extent to which these judgments are reproducible, by having multiple observers independently rate the same behavior. A challenge in determining interrater agreement for timed-event sequential data is to develop clear objective criteria to determine whether two raters’ judgments relate to the same event (the linking problem). Furthermore, many studies presently report only raw agreement indices, without considering the degree to which agreement can occur by chance alone. Here, we present a novel, free, and open-source toolbox (EasyDIAg) designed to assist researchers with the linking problem, while also providing chance-corrected estimates of interrater agreement. Additional tools are included to facilitate the development of coding schemes and rater training
Ownership Risk, Investment, and the Use of Natural Resources
The effect of insecure ownership on ordinary investment and on the exploitation of natural resources is examined. Insecure ownership is characterized as a positive probability that a typical asset or its future return will be confiscated. For empirical analysis, the probability of confiscation is modeled as a function of observable political attributes of countries, principally the type of government regime in power (democratic versus non-democratic) and the prevalence of political violence or instability. A general index of ownership security is estimated from the political determinants of economy wide investment rates, and then introduced into models of petroleum and forest use. Ownership risk is found to have a significant, and quantitatively important effect. Empirically, increases in ownership risk are associated with reductions in forest cover and with slower rates of petroleum exploration. Contrary to conventional wisdom, greater ownership risk tends to slow rates of petroleum extraction, apparently because the extraction process is capital intensive.
Quantitative Anderson localization of Schr\"odinger eigenstates under disorder potentials
This paper concerns spectral properties of linear Schr\"odinger operators
under oscillatory high-amplitude potentials on bounded domains. Depending on
the degree of disorder, we prove the existence of spectral gaps amongst the
lowermost eigenvalues and the emergence of exponentially localized states. We
quantify the rate of decay in terms of geometric parameters that characterize
the potential. The proofs are based on the convergence theory of iterative
solvers for eigenvalue problems and their optimal local preconditioning by
domain decomposition.Comment: accepted for publication in M3A
Six-dimensional superconformal couplings of non-abelian tensor and hypermultiplets
We construct six-dimensional superconformal models with non-abelian tensor
and hypermultiplets. They describe the field content of (2,0) theories, coupled
to (1,0) vector multiplets. The latter are part of the non-abelian gauge
structure that also includes non-dynamical three- and four-forms. The
hypermultiplets are described by gauged nonlinear sigma models with a
hyper-Kaehler cone target space. We also address the question of constraints in
these models and show that their resolution requires the inclusion of abelian
factors. These provide couplings that were previously considered for anomaly
cancellations with abelian tensor multiplets and resulted in the selection of
ADE gauge groups.Comment: 25 page
Semiclassical transport in nearly symmetric quantum dots. I. Symmetry breaking in the dot
We apply the semiclassical theory of transport to quantum dots with exact and approximate spatial symmetries; left-right mirror symmetry, up-down mirror symmetry, inversion symmetry, or fourfold symmetry. In this work—the first of a pair of articles—we consider (a) perfectly symmetric dots and (b) nearly symmetric dots in which the symmetry is broken by the dot's internal dynamics. The second article addresses symmetry-breaking by displacement of the leads. Using semiclassics, we identify the origin of the symmetry-induced interference effects that contribute to weak localization corrections and universal conductance fluctuations. For perfect spatial symmetry, we recover results previously found using the random-matrix theory conjecture. We then go on to show how the results are affected by asymmetries in the dot, magnetic fields, and decoherence. In particular, the symmetry-asymmetry crossover is found to be described by a universal dependence on an asymmetry parameter gamma_asym. However, the form of this parameter is very different depending on how the dot is deformed away from spatial symmetry. Symmetry-induced interference effects are completely destroyed when the dot's boundary is globally deformed by less than an electron wavelength. In contrast, these effects are only reduced by a finite amount when a part of the dot's boundary smaller than a lead-width is deformed an arbitrarily large distance
Varieties of Languages in a Category
Eilenberg's variety theorem, a centerpiece of algebraic automata theory,
establishes a bijective correspondence between varieties of languages and
pseudovarieties of monoids. In the present paper this result is generalized to
an abstract pair of algebraic categories: we introduce varieties of languages
in a category C, and prove that they correspond to pseudovarieties of monoids
in a closed monoidal category D, provided that C and D are dual on the level of
finite objects. By suitable choices of these categories our result uniformly
covers Eilenberg's theorem and three variants due to Pin, Polak and Reutenauer,
respectively, and yields new Eilenberg-type correspondences
Brain oxygenation patterns during the execution of tool use demonstration, tool use pantomime, and body-part-as-object tool use
© 2015 Elsevier B.V. Divergent findings exist whether left and right hemispheric pre- and postcentral cortices contribute to the production of tool use related hand movements. In order to clarify the neural substrates of tool use demonstrations with tool in hand, tool use pantomimes without tool in hand, and body-part-as-object presentations of tool use (BPO) in a naturalistic mode of execution, we applied functional Near InfraRed Spectroscopy (fNIRS) in twenty-three right-handed participants. Functional NIRS techniques allow for the investigation of brain oxygenation during the execution of complex hand movements with an unlimited movement range. Brain oxygenation patterns were retrieved from 16 channels of measurement above pre- and postcentral cortices of each hemisphere. The results showed that tool use demonstration with tool in hand leads to increased oxygenation as compared to tool use pantomimes in the left hemispheric somatosensory gyrus. Left hand executions of the demonstration of tool use, pantomime of tool use, and BPO of tool use led to increased oxygenation in the premotor and somatosensory cortices of the left hemisphere as compared to right hand executions of either condition. The results indicate that the premotor and somatosensory cortices of the left hemisphere constitute relevant brain structures for tool related hand movement production when using the left hand, whereas the somatosensory cortex of the left hemisphere seems to provide specific mental representations when performing tool use demonstrations with the tool in hand
Semiclassical transport in nearly symmetric quantum dots II: symmetry-breaking due to asymmetric leads
In this work - the second of a pair of articles - we consider transport
through spatially symmetric quantum dots with leads whose widths or positions
do not obey the spatial symmetry. We use the semiclassical theory of transport
to find the symmetry-induced contributions to weak localization corrections and
universal conductance fluctuations for dots with left-right, up-down, inversion
and four-fold symmetries. We show that all these contributions are suppressed
by asymmetric leads, however they remain finite whenever leads intersect with
their images under the symmetry operation. For an up-down symmetric dot, this
means that the contributions can be finite even if one of the leads is
completely asymmetric. We find that the suppression of the contributions to
universal conductance fluctuations is the square of the suppression of
contributions to weak localization. Finally, we develop a random-matrix theory
model which enables us to numerically confirm these results.Comment: (18pages - 9figures) This is the second of a pair of articles (v3
typos corrected - including in equations
- …