The Neutral Hydrogen Kinematics of the Dwarf Galaxy Merger NGC 3239

We present H I spectral line images of the nearby dwarf galaxy NGC 3239. The galaxy’s curious morphology suggests that it is a post-merger system. We propose that NGC 3239 is a merger because it has multiple tidal tails, an enhanced velocity dispersion throughout the disk, and widespread star formation. We have produced kinematic moment maps corresponding to the H I column density, radial velocity, and velocity dispersion. Further, position velocity (P-V) slices of the galaxy were taken and three-color images were made using the SDSS G, R, and I, filters for comparison with the moment maps. These slices illustrate the complex neutral gas dynamics in the galaxy and support the interaction hypothesi

Work relations for a system governed by Tsallis statistics

We derive analogues of the Jarzynski equality and Crooks relation to characterise the nonequilibrium work associated with changes in the spring constant of an overdamped oscillator in a quadratically varying spatial temperature profile. The stationary state of such an oscillator is described by Tsallis statistics, and the work relations for certain processes may be expressed in terms of q-exponentials. We suggest that these identities might be a feature of nonequilibrium processes in circumstances where Tsallis distributions are found

Land of My Fathers? Economic Development, Ethnic Division and Ethnic National Identity in 32 Countries

We investigate the reasons why some people, and some countries, place greater or lesser emphasis on the idea that membership of a nation is tied to ancestry. We test the influence of two key factors - economic development and ethnic division. Economic development is strongly associated with support for the ancestry criterion of national membership. Those who are more economically secure, who grew up in wealthier nations, or live in a wealthier nation currently, are less likely to emphasise ancestry as an important factor in national identity. Those who have grown up since mass immigration to a country begun are also less likely to emphasise ancestry. However, we find no evidence that historical conditions are correlated with current national identity beliefs.National Identity, Comparative, Survey, Generational Change

State and Local Finance

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/66650/2/10.1177_000271624926600104.pd

PROPERTY TAXATION IN RELATION TO INVESTMENT IN URBAN AREAS (Discussion)

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/91217/1/j.1540-6261.1951.tb04460.x.pd

SOME ASPECTS OF INTANGIBLES TAXATION IN MICHIGAN

If any new form of taxation is adopted at the present session of the Michigan legislature, it is likely to be a low rate tax on intangible personal property. Several bills authorizing such a tax have been introduced at legislative sessions in the past, but public sentiment is probably more favorable now than at any other time. Just recently the Tax Study Commission, which was appointed last year by Governor Murphy, recommended that appropriate legislation be enacted for the imposition of a low rate tax on intangibles. It is the purpose in this article to analyze briefly some of the legal and administrative problems of taxing intangibles in Michigan

Catabolism of cholesterol to bile salts by rat hepatocytes maintained in monolayers

The liver plays a central role in the metabolism of cholesterol being the major site at which lipoproteins are both assembled and degraded and the only organ where cholesterol can be degraded to bile salts. The synthesis of bile salts by the liver provides the major pathway for the removal of cholesterol from the body.The results in this thesis describe the characterisation of a rat hepatocyte monolayer system, suitable for studying the synthesis of bile salts. The utilization of the cholesterol derived from a high density lipoprotein subfraction (HDL2) for the synthesis of bile salts was also investigated.Following the isolation of a viable cell preparation, hepatocytes were maintained in monolayers for up to 24h. During this period hepatocytes were shown to maintain their viability and to synthesise and secrete bile salts, as determined by radioimmunoassay of conjugated cholic, chenodeoxycholic and ß-muricholic acids. The rate of synthesis of these bile salts by hepatocytes was increased by feeding rats cholestyramine for at least 5 days prior to the preparation of hepatocyte monolayers.Incubation of hepatocyte monolayers with rat HDL2 had no effect on the synthesis of the three bile acid conjugates measured when the cells were obtained from rats fed the pellet diet. However, when the experiment was repeated using hepatocytes obtained from rats fed cholestyramine, HDL2 was found to increase the synthesis of the bile salts measured. This is the first report that a defined lipoprotein fraction can increase the synthesis of bile salts.In an attempt to ascertain the reason for the increase in the synthesis of bile salts, hepatocytes isolated from cholestyramine- vi fed rats were incubated in the presence of HDL2 radiolabelled with either [4- 14Clcholesterol or [4- 14C]cholesteryl oleate. The degradation of the radiolabelled HDL2-cholesterol to bile salts was subsequently determined. The results indicated that the increase in the synthesis of bile salts was due to the utilization of HDL2-cholesteryl ester.Finally, the effect of HDL2 on the synthesis of cholesterol and the utilization of newly synthesised cholesterol for the synthesis of bile salts in hepatocyte monolayers was determined. The results showed that HDL2 had no effect on either cholesterol synthesis or the utilization of newly synthesised cholesterol for the synthesis of bile salts

Hybridization and Population Structure of Western Gulf Coast Mottled Ducks

Rates of hybridization between species that do not normally interbreed have increased due to human impacts on natural environments, such as habitat alteration or introductions of non-native species. Human-induced hybridization can be detrimental to wildlife and contribute to species extinctions. In Florida, feral Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) hybridize with endemic Mottled Ducks (A. fulvigula) at rates close to 9%. However, levels of hybridization between these two species have not been extensively examined in the western Gulf Coast (from Alabama to northern Mexico) despite the potential impact on the Mottled Duck lineage. In this study, I examined the degree of hybridization between Mottled Ducks and Mallards in the western Gulf Coast. In addition, I validated a key developed in Florida to distinguish Mottled Ducks from Mallards and their hybrids for western Gulf Coast Mottled Ducks. Lastly, I examined the genetic structure of Mottled Duck populations and estimated gene flow by determining the number of migrants between regions across the western Gulf Coast. I used 36 microsatellite loci to genotype 405 ducks including putative Mottled Ducks, Mallards, and hybrids. Overall, genetic analyses revealed very low rates of hybridization (5.4%) in the western Gulf Coast. The key to distinguish Florida Mottled Ducks from Mallards and their hybrids proved highly effective (97%) for the western Gulf Coast population. Finally, multiple analyses indicated that Mottled Ducks are a single genetic population across the western Gulf Coast, which may be primarily due to dispersal of juvenile ducks. Currently, hybridization with Mallards is not a threat to western Gulf Coast Mottled Ducks; however, Mottled Duck hybridization should be monitored in the future to ensure that hybridization rates do not increase