A soluble form of the urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) can bind to hematopoietic cells

The receptor for urokinase plasminogen activator (uPAR; CD87) is a 50‐ to 65‐kDa glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)‐anchored glycoprotein expressed by leukocytes and tumor cells where it facilitates uPA‐dependent, plasmin‐mediated pericellular proteolysis during cellular invasion. Because uPAR is inducibly shed into culture supernatants and human body fluids, we tested the hypothesis that soluble uPAR (suPAR) can bind to the plasma membrane of hematopoietic cells where it might modulate their invasive phenotype. As measured by flow cytometry, recombinant biotinylated‐suPAR (B‐suPAR) bound in a specific fashion to THP‐1 leukemia cells and blood PMNs and monocytes (but not to lymphocytes). B‐suPAR also demonstrated specific binding to a variety of leukemic lines, including cells that are positive or negative for membrane uPAR expression. Binding of B‐suPAR to THP‐1 cells was enhanced four‐ to sevenfold by 24‐h exposure of cells to PMA or by coincubation with uPA ligand (but not its isolated catalytic and binding fragments). Conversely, binding of B‐suPAR to PMNs was unaffected by brief exposure to fMLP, and was inhibited by coincubation with uPA. B‐suPAR binding to PMA‐differentiated THP‐1 cells in the presence of uPA was further enhanced by acid washing (removing endogenous uPA) but was partially inhibited by treatment of cells with trypsin. Pretreatment of PMA‐differentiated THP‐1 cells and unstimulated PMNs with soluble sugars, calcium chelators, and antibodies specific for integrins or extracellular matrix proteins failed to consistently block the binding of B‐suPAR. Whereas the binding of suPAR did not measurably affect cell‐associated plasmin activation, suPAR did competitively inhibit the binding of exogenous uPA to membrane‐associated uPAR. These observations support the hypothesis that suPAR can bind specifically to trypsin‐sensitive receptors expressed by certain normal and neoplastic hematopoietic cells where its binding is variably influenced by uPA ligand. J. Leukoc. Biol. 64: 203–213; 1998.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/142227/1/jlb0203.pd

Multimodal Frontostriatal Connectivity Underlies Individual Differences in Self-Esteem

A heightened sense of self-esteem is associated with a reduced risk for several types of affective and psychiatric disorders, including depression, anxiety and eating disorders. However, little is known about how brain systems integrate self-referential processing and positive evaluation to give rise to these feelings. To address this, we combined diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to test how frontostriatal connectivity reflects long-term trait and short-term state aspects of self-esteem. Using DTI, we found individual variability in white matter structural integrity between the medial prefrontal cortex and the ventral striatum was related to trait measures of self-esteem, reflecting long-term stability of self-esteem maintenance. Using fMRI, we found that functional connectivity of these regions during positive self-evaluation was related to current feelings of self-esteem, reflecting short-term state self-esteem. These results provide convergent anatomical and functional evidence that self-esteem is related to the connectivity of frontostriatal circuits and suggest that feelings of self-worth may emerge from neural systems integrating information about the self with positive affect and reward. This information could potentially inform the etiology of diminished self-esteem underlying multiple psychiatric conditions and inform future studies of evaluative self-referential processing

Economic Impact of the University of Nebraska at Omaha on the Omaha Economy

The last few years represent a period of substantial growth for the City of Omaha and the University of Nebraska at Omaha as well. A moment\u27s reflection reveals that the growth of the City and the University are interdependent. The purpose of this study is to provide a basis for understanding some of these relationships--particularly the economic relationships that exist between the campus and the community

Synthesis of neutral nickel catalysts for ethylene polymerization – the influence of ligand size on catalyst stability

A facile synthesis of nickel salicylaldimine complexes with labile dissociating ligands is described. In addition to producing highly active ethylene polymerization catalysts, important insights into the effect of ligand size on catalyst stability and information on the mechanism of polymerization are provided

Tensor hypercontraction: A universal technique for the resolution of matrix elements of local, finite-range NN-body potentials in many-body quantum problems

Configuration-space matrix elements of N-body potentials arise naturally and ubiquitously in the Ritz-Galerkin solution of many-body quantum problems. For the common specialization of local, finite-range potentials, we develop the eXact Tensor HyperContraction (X-THC) method, which provides a quantized renormalization of the coordinate-space form of the N-body potential, allowing for a highly separable tensor factorization of the configuration-space matrix elements. This representation allows for substantial computational savings in chemical, atomic, and nuclear physics simulations, particularly with respect to difficult "exchange-like" contractions.Comment: Third version of the manuscript after referee's comments. In press in PRL. Main text: 4 pages, 2 figures, 1 table; Supplemental material (also included): 14 pages, 2 figures, 2 table

Reliably Making Monolithic Ingots of Difficult to Cast Aluminum Alloys Using Direct Chill Casting

Described are monolithic aluminum alloy ingots and methods of making monolithic aluminum alloy ingots, such as monolithic aluminum alloy ingots comprising brittle aluminum alloys formed by direct chill co-casting the brittle aluminum alloy as a core with a clad layer of another more ductile aluminum alloy as a composite ingot followed by scalping the resultant composite ingot to remove the clad layer

Expression of an Activation Antigen, Mo3e, Associated With the Cellular Response to Migration Inhibitory Factor by HL‐60 Promyelocytes Undergoing Monocyte‐Macrophage Differentiation

HL‐60 promyelocytic cells acquire the surface expression of the Mo3e antigenic determinant after exposure to PMA or compounds that raise intracellular concentrations of cyclic AMP (dibutyryl cyclic AMP or a combination of cholera toxin and IBMX). The expression of Mo3e by these stimulated HL‐60 cells coincides with the development of features of monocyte‐macrophage differentiation (characteristic morphology, nonspecific esterase activity, and respiratory burst activity). During in vitro monocyte‐macrophage differentiation, HL‐60 cells become responsive to migration inhibitory factor (MIF); the MIF responsiveness of differentiated HL‐60 cells is blocked by anti‐Mo3e monoclonal antibody. These findings further support the relationship between the expression of Mo3e and the cellular response to MIF.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141671/1/jlb0492.pd

Hydrothermal Treatment of CCA- and Penta-Treated Wood

Two of the three most commonly used wood preservatives in the United States are chromated copper arsenate (CCA) and oil-borne pentachlorophenol (penta). Both are excellent preservatives for extending the service life of exterior wood. Both also pose environmental problems associated with their disposal. This paper describes the treatment of two different groups of preservative-treated wood (CCA type C and oil-borne penta) in anaerobic supercritical water (SC) under acidic and basic conditions, respectively. A decommissioned (ca. 13 yr) southern pine (Pinus sp.) guard rail impregnated with CCA and a freshly treated pentaimpregnated pole were examined. During SC treatments, wood particles were transformed (approx. 98% efficiency) into liquid and gaseous hydrocarbon (HC) phase. The metals recovered in the two liquid phases vs. total concentration in the wood were as follows: copper: 91% AQ; < 1% HC, chromium: 28% AQ; 1.3% HC, and arsenic: 69% AQ; < 1% HC. The penta wood yielded a similar hydrocarbon mixture, with the chlorinated phenols undergoing dechlorination and further reaction. The formation of phenolic condensation products such as chlorinated dibenzofurans and dioxins occurred under these conditions when the reaction was run in quartz-lined containers and metals were excluded from the reaction mixture. When iron (either from the reactor walls or added in quartz cells as iron particles) was present, these products were not observed

Urokinase‐type plasminogen activator enhances invasion of human T cells (Jurkat) into a fibrin matrix

The receptor for urokinase‐type plasminogen activator (uPA‐R) localizes uPA to the cell surface. The receptor‐bound uPA converts plasminogen to the trypsinlike endopeptidase plasmin. Thus uPA is involved in the initiation of pericellular proteolysis. Pericellular proteolysis is assumed to facilitate the cellular infiltration into surrounding tissue. The uPA‐R has recently been identified as a surface antigen of activated human T lymphocytes. We have characterized the uPA‐R of the human CD4+ T cell line Jurkat by immunological (flow cytometry), biochemical (ligand blotting), and physico‐chemical (Scatchard blotting) methods. The collective data suggest that the human CD4+ T cell line Jurkat expresses a cell surface receptor for uPA similar to that of myelo/monocytes and normal T cells with regard to size, affinity, ligand specificity, and antigenicity. Binding studies using exogenous uPA and subsequent functional assays revealed that receptor‐bound uPA retains its enzymatic activity. Saturation of the Jurkat cell uPA‐R with exogenous uPA facilitated cellular invasion into fibrin matrices in vitro. uPA‐dependent invasion was inhibited in the presence of an anti‐catalytic monoclonal anti‐uPA antibody. We propose that uPA‐R‐bound uPA may facilitate the invasiveness of uPA‐R‐positive T lymphocytes. J. Leukoc. Biol. 56: 110–116; 1994.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/142166/1/jlb0110.pd