1,447 research outputs found
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Infectious Disease Hospitalizations in Arizona
Infectious disease (ID) hospitalizations in Arizona, a diverse population with nearly complete race/ethnicity data, were analyzed using the State Inpatient Database for 2005-2008. ID hospitalizations rates were calculated and compared by ID group, race/ethnicity, age, and sex. During 2005-2008, there were 383,597 ID hospitalizations reported in Arizona, resulting in an age-adjusted rate of 1498.1 per 100,000 persons. A range of racial/ethnic disparities in ID hospitalization rates were noted. Persons of Native American and black race/ethnicity had overall ID hospitalization rates higher than the rate for persons of white race/ethnicity; persons of Asian or Pacific Islander race/ethnicity had a lower rate. The lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) hospitalization rate was the highest rate of all ID groups, followed by cellulitis and septicemia. Persons of black and Native American race had higher LRTI hospitalization rates than persons of white race. Racial/ethnic disparities persist for ID hospitalizations in Arizona. Persons of Native American and black race/ethnicity experience high age-adjusted rates of ID hospitalization. Prevention efforts should focus on high risk race/ethnicity groups and disease groups
Type IIB orientifolds with discrete torsion
We consider compact four-dimensional type IIB
orientifolds, for certain values of and . We allow the additional
feature of discrete torsion and discuss the modification of the consistency
conditions arising from tadpole cancellation. We point out the differences
between the cases with and without discrete torsion.Comment: 4 pages LaTeX. Write-up of talk at DPF2000, Columbus, OH, August 10,
2000. References adde
The Social Enterprise Revolution in Corporate Law: A Primer on Emerging Corporate Entities in Europe and the United States and the Case for the Benefit Corporation
Remarkably, in the face of a global recession, the social enterprise sector continued to experience extraordinary growth in both financial support and the number of newly authorized corporate entities aimed at social entrepreneurs who seek to use the power of business to simultaneously achieve profit and social or environmental benefits. This Article highlights recent developments in the social enterprise movement in Europe and the United States and focuses on the emergence of a surprisingly broad range of newly authorized corporate entities on both continents in response to the needs of social entrepreneurs. These include social cooperatives and the community interest company in Europe, as well as the L3C, the flexible purpose corporation, the social purpose corporation, and the benefit corporation in the United States. In so doing, this Article emphasizes the truly international scope of the social enterprise movement and explains the growing divergence in approaches to social enterprise between continental Europe and the United States. This Article suggests that the benefit corporation, which imposes a new duty to consider stakeholder interests, is currently the most effective vehicle through which social entrepreneurs can ensure their blended value goals are being considered and achieved. This Article concludes by responding to critiques of profit-distribution in social enterprise, making the case for the benefit corporation, and suggesting some statutory and tax reforms to further foster the social enterprise revolution
Big Bang Nucleosynthesis with Gaussian Inhomogeneous Neutrino Degeneracy
We consider the effect of inhomogeneous neutrino degeneracy on Big Bang
nucleosynthesis for the case where the distribution of neutrino chemical
potentials is given by a Gaussian. The chemical potential fluctuations are
taken to be isocurvature, so that only inhomogeneities in the electron chemical
potential are relevant. Then the final element abundances are a function only
of the baryon-photon ratio , the effective number of additional neutrinos
, the mean electron neutrino degeneracy parameter , and
the rms fluctuation of the degeneracy parameter, . We find that for
fixed , , and , the abundances of helium-4,
deuterium, and lithium-7 are, in general, increasing functions of .
Hence, the effect of adding a Gaussian distribution for the electron neutrino
degeneracy parameter is to decrease the allowed range for . We show that
this result can be generalized to a wide variety of distributions for .Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures, added discussion of neutrino oscillations,
altered presentation of figure
The 1990 update to strategy for exploration of the inner planets
The Committee on Planetary and Lunar Exploration (COMPLEX) has undertaken to review and revise the 1978 report Strategy for Exploration of the Inner Planets, 1977-1987. The committee has found the 1978 report to be generally still pertinent. COMPLEX therefore issues its new report in the form of an update. The committee reaffirms the basic objectives for exploration of the planets: to determine the present state of the planets and their satellites, to understand the processes active now and at the origin of the solar system, and to understand planetary evolution, including appearance of life and its relation to the chemical history of the solar system
Identification of Highly Expressed, Soluble Proteins Using an Improved, High-Throughput Pooled ORF Expression Technology
This article describes an improved pooled open reading frame (ORF) expression technology (POET) that uses recombinational cloning and solution-based tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) to identify ORFs that yield high levels of soluble, purified protein when expressed in Escherichia coli. Using this method, three identical pools of 512 human ORFs were subcloned, purified, and transfected into three separate E. coli cultures. After bulk expression and purification, the proteins from the three separate pools were digested into tryptic peptides. Each of these samples was subsequently analyzed in triplicate using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (LC) coupled directly online with MS/MS. The abundance of each protein was determined by calculating the average exponentially modified protein abundance index (emPAI) of each protein across the three protein pools. Human proteins that consistently gave high emPAI values were subjected to small-scale expression and purification. These clones showed high levels of expression of soluble protein. Conversely, proteins that were not observed by LC-MS/MS did not show any detectable soluble expression in small-scale validation studies. Using this improved POET method allows the expression characteristics of hundreds of proteins to be quickly determined in a single experiment
Automation Framework for Flight Dynamics Products Generation
XFDS provides an easily adaptable automation platform. To date it has been used to support flight dynamics operations. It coordinates the execution of other applications such as Satellite TookKit, FreeFlyer, MATLAB, and Perl code. It provides a mechanism for passing messages among a collection of XFDS processes, and allows sending and receiving of GMSEC messages. A unified and consistent graphical user interface (GUI) is used for the various tools. Its automation configuration is stored in text files, and can be edited either directly or using the GUI
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