Identification of 12 mortality “episodes” that exceeded the z≥1 criterion.

<p>The time series is <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0034091#pone-0034091-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1b</a> smoothed with a 17-day centered moving average filter. A centered smoother is used here to more clearly present the peak times of the mortality episodes (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0034091#pone-0034091-t002" target="_blank">Table 2</a>).</p

Results of <i>t</i>-tests comparing weather variables between mortality event days to non-event days.

<p>Air mass analysis could not be run without smoothing (n/a = not applicable). Results with p≤0.05 are shown in bold. Mean values for events and non-events are air temperature (T) and dew point temperature (T_d) departures from the long-term daily mean in z-score units. Air mass values are mean frequencies based on a 7-day centered moving average filter. The z-score values for events in the 1-sample test are the same as in column 2.</p

Scatter plots of pneumonia and influenza mortality episode duration and total mortality vs. dew point temperature.

<p>a) (left) Total episode duration (days) <i>vs.</i> mean episode dew point temperature (°C) (r = −0.61). b) (right) Total episode mortality (in z-score units) <i>vs.</i> mean episode dew point temperature (°C) (r = −0.56). The regression line shown in both graphs is for the least squares linear regression of the full data set. Both of these relationships were determined to have statistically significant slopes based upon 10,000 bootstrapped samples.</p

SSC air mass frequencies, mean 4 a.m. dew point temperatures, and ranks for October–March for New York City (La Guardia).

<p>SSC air mass frequencies, mean 4 a.m. dew point temperatures, and ranks for October–March for New York City (La Guardia).</p

Characteristics of the 12 high mortality “episodes.”

<p>Deaths are age-standardized deaths per million in z-score units. Total deaths and average deaths per day include the entire time period between the start and end of the episode.</p

Time series of pneumonia and influenza mortality for New York City from September, 1975–May, 2002.

<p>a) (top) Daily age-standardized pneumonia and influenza mortality time series (deaths per million; June, July and August have been deleted). The relevant periods for the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) are identified by a thick vertical line; b) (bottom) Resulting mortality time series after removing the seasonality and converting to z-scores for each ICD period. Vertical dividers identify influenza seasons (September–May) with the year assigned to the January–May period (i.e., December, 1979 is in the 1980 flu “season,” labeled as “80” on the x-axis).</p

Alignment of nucleotide sequences of the open reading frame conserved among the two mulberry-infecting strains Mul-MD and MUL0034, as well the Italian olive-associated strain CoDiRO of <i>X</i>. <i>fastidiosa</i>.

<p>The forward primer Mul-15040-F is underlined and the reverse primer Mul-15040-R (reversed and complementary) is boxed in the Mul-MD strain. The nucleotides in CoDiRO that are different from the Mul-MD and MUL0034 strains are shaded in gray. Numbers indicate the size of the nucleotide sequence.</p

Bacterial strains used in this study and results from PCRs using primer pair Mul-15040-F/R or 272-1-int/272-2-int.

<p>^a Presence or absence of the 312-bp PCR fragment amplified by Mul-15040-F/R, or the 472-bp band by 272-1-int/272-2-int primers [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0129330#pone.0129330.ref030" target="_blank">30</a>] was indicated by “+” or “-”, respectively.</p><p>^bPresence of the 733-bp PCR fragment amplified by <i>X</i>. <i>fastidiosa</i>-specific primers RST31/RST33 [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0129330#pone.0129330.ref029" target="_blank">29</a>].</p><p>Bacterial strains used in this study and results from PCRs using primer pair Mul-15040-F/R or 272-1-int/272-2-int.</p

List of primers designed in this study, size of PCR product, target gene, and specificity of primers.

<p>^aPrimers amplified product only from tested mulberry and olive strains of <i>X</i>. <i>fastidiosa</i>.</p><p>List of primers designed in this study, size of PCR product, target gene, and specificity of primers.</p

Appendix A. Statistical properties of the moving window correlations.

Statistical properties of the moving window correlations