Average number of nuclei per cell in directly exposed and bystander cells for neutron and cobalt-60 gamma rays.

a<p>Neutron data shown are for replicate 1; the values for replicate 2 were similar (p>0.05).</p>b<p>Combined values of the controls (pre-radiation, post-radiation and transportation control).</p>c<p>Media without cells was irradiated with 4 Gy and transferred to unirradiated cells.</p>d<p>Too few high quality binucleated cells were available for scoring.</p

Micronuclei (a) and nucleoplasmic bridges (b) per 1000 binucleated cells in normal human lymphoblastoid cells directly irradiated with high doses of cobalt-60 γ-radiation gamma rays.

<p>Vertical lines represent the 95% confidence intervals.</p

Percent contribution of the bystander effect to the total direct exposure effect in cobalt-60 irradiated cells for micronuclei.

a<p>Number of micronuclei per 1000 binucleated cells after subtracting the baseline (0 dose) values for that cell line.</p>b<p>Percent of the induced total direct exposure response that can be attributed to the induced bystander effect.</p

Micronuclei (a) and nucleoplasmic bridges (b) per 1000 binucleated cells in normal human lymphoblastoid cells cultured in conditioned media from neutron irradiated cells.

<p>For each treatment (i.e., cell line and dose group) the left-hand bar in each pair is replicate 1 and the right-hand bar is replicate 2. The 1 Gy data are missing for GM15510 cells replicate 2 because the sample was lost. Vertical lines represent the 95% confidence intervals.</p

Micronuclei (a) and nucleoplasmic bridges (b) per 1000 binucleated cells in normal human lymphoblastoid cells directly irradiated with neutrons.

<p>Vertical lines represent the 95% confidence intervals.</p

Percent contribution of the bystander effect to the total direct exposure effect in cobalt-60 irradiated cells for nucleoplasmic bridges.

a<p>Number of bridges per 1000 binucleated cells after subtracting the baseline (0 dose) values for that cell line.</p>b<p>Percent of the induced total direct exposure response that can be attributed to the induced bystander effect.</p>c<p>Percent bystander component could not be evaluated because the induced bystander effect is negative.</p

Relative biological effectiveness for neutrons relative to cobalt-60 gamma rays for micronuclei and nucleoplasmic bridges.

a<p>The number of micronuclei or bridges per 1000 binucleated cells after subtracting the baseline (0 dose) values, which were 15.0 and 45.0 for micronuclei and 12.0 and 5.0 for bridges for cobalt-60 gamma for GM15510 and GM15036 cells, respectively. For neutrons the baseline values were 28.0 and 29.1 for micronuclei and 2.0 and 11.6 for bridges for GM15510 and GM15036 cells, respectively.</p>b<p>Relative biological effectiveness: neutrons/cobalt-60 gamma rays.</p>c<p>Combined values of the controls (pre-radiation, post-radiation and transportation control).</p

Micronuclei (a) and nucleoplasmic bridges (b) per 1000 binucleated cells in normal human lymphoblastoid cells treated with conditioned media from cells that were directly irradiated with cobalt-60 γ-radiation at doses equivalent to 5% of the neutron doses.

<p>Vertical lines represent the 95% confidence intervals.</p

Micronuclei (a) and nucleoplasmic bridges (b) per 1000 binucleated cells in normal human lymphoblastoid cells cultured in conditioned media from cobalt-60 γ-irradiated cells.

<p>No bridges were observed in the 4% confidence intervals.</p

Parameter generation for the patient-specific biomathematical model.

<p><b>1.</b> Determine radial measurements from serial T1Gd and T2/FLAIR magnetic resonance imaging. <b>2.</b> Compute the invisibility index (D/<i>ρ</i>) from intra-study T1Gd and T2/FLAIR radial measurements. <b>3.</b> Compute the radial velocity () from serial T1Gd or T2/FLAIR radial measurements.</p