Managing the Risk of Life

This study analyzes the role of individual’s and spouse’s survival expectations and knowledge about Social Security rules on the expected Social Security claiming age, taking into account the various incentives single and married individuals face. There is substantial heterogeneity in the level of knowledge about SS rules according to demographic characteristics. We find that single men and women who expect to be long-lived plan on delaying Social Security claiming. When we allow for differential effects of survival on knowledge about Social Security rules, subjective survivals matter only for single women who are knowledgeable. For single men, knowledge is not so important in their decisions. The claiming decision of married individuals is more complicated, because they are entitled to spouse’s and survivor’s benefits. Consistent with the incentives provided by Social Security rules, we find that married men base their expected claiming age on their spouse’s survival expectations but not on their own survival. For married women, both own and spouse’s subjective survivals positively influence the timing of claiming. Knowledge about Social Security rules affects the expected claiming age of both married men and women.

Probabilistic Thinking and Early Social Security Claiming

This study analyzes the extent to which an individual’s survival expectations influence his or her decision to claim social security benefits at an early age. We find that subjective survival probabilities capture meaningful behavioral responses to incentives for early Social Security claiming when they are purged of measurement error using risk factors as instruments. Among people who are still working at age 62, those who expect to live longer are likely to delay claiming of Social Security benefits to a degree that is both statistically and economically significant. For example, an increase of 5 percentage points in the subjective probability of survival to age 75 of each person leads to a 1.9 percentage point decline in the proportion who claim before age 64, from 29.6 percent to 27.7 percent.

Navigation d'une aiguille médicale déformable

The current environments of navigation of interventional gestures with needle make the assumption of the indeformability of this one. Unchecked hypothesis clinicaly with as immediate consequence a loss of precision of the gesture carried out and longer-term of potential morbid consequences. In practice, this needle can be brought to deform because of the interactions with tissues. It is thus necessary to incorporate in the navigation systems of the data on the bending of the needle to the assistance, for example, of strain gauges. These last ones allow to reach in real time local information of deformation, has to leave of which it will be possible to rebuild the deformation of the needle. The objective of this work thus consists with the development of a new generation of navigation system allowing to localize in 3D and real time, the deformation of an instrumented needle.Les environnements actuels de navigation de gestes interventionnels avec aiguille font l'hypothèse de l'indéformabilité de celle-ci. Hypothèse non vérifiée cliniquement avec comme conséquence immédiate une perte de précision du geste réalisé et à plus long terme de potentielles conséquences morbides. En pratique, cette aiguille peut être amenée à se déformer du fait des interactions avec les tissus. Il est donc nécessaire d'incorporer dans les systèmes de navigation des données sur la déformée de l'aiguille à l'aide, par exemple, de jauges de déformation. Ces dernières permettent d'accéder en temps réel à des informations locales de déformation, a partir desquelles il sera possible de reconstruire la déformée de l'aiguille. L'objectif de ce travail consiste donc à l'élaboration d'une nouvelle génération de système de navigation permettant de localiser en 3D et en temps réel, la déformée d'une aiguille instrumentée

Navigation d'une aiguille médicale déformable

Les environnements actuels de navigation de gestes interventionnels avec aiguille font l'hypothèse de l'indéformabilité de celle-ci. Hypothèse non vérifiée cliniquement avec comme conséquence immédiate une perte de précision du geste réalisé et à plus long terme de potentielles conséquences morbides. En pratique, cette aiguille peut être amenée à se déformer du fait des interactions avec les tissus. Il est donc nécessaire d'incorporer dans les systèmes de navigation des données sur la déformée de l'aiguille à l'aide, par exemple, de jauges de déformation. Ces dernières permettent d'accéder en temps réel à des informations locales de déformation, a partir desquelles il sera possible de reconstruire la déformée de l'aiguille. L'objectif de ce travail consiste donc à l'élaboration d'une nouvelle génération de système de navigation permettant de localiser en 3D et en temps réel, la déformée d'une aiguille instrumentée.The current environments of navigation of interventional gestures with needle make the assumption of the indeformability of this one. Unchecked hypothesis clinicaly with as immediate consequence a loss of precision of the gesture carried out and longer-term of potential morbid consequences. In practice, this needle can be brought to deform because of the interactions with tissues. It is thus necessary to incorporate in the navigation systems of the data on the bending of the needle to the assistance, for example, of strain gauges. These last ones allow to reach in real time local information of deformation, has to leave of which it will be possible to rebuild the deformation of the needle. The objective of this work thus consists with the development of a new generation of navigation system allowing to localize in 3D and real time, the deformation of an instrumented needle.SAVOIE-SCD - Bib.électronique (730659901) / SudocGRENOBLE1/INP-Bib.électronique (384210012) / SudocGRENOBLE2/3-Bib.électronique (384219901) / SudocSudocFranceF

A new way to access the interaction forces between complex tissues and needles

International audienceThe aim of this study is to determine a generic static loading basis applied on a medical needle inserted into human tissue during a percutaneous procedure. Such a basis can be worthwhile to highlight the forces effectively encountered in a medical act and may be useful to develop models of needle deflection or medium deformation

Avantages et inconvénients de l'expatriation

Nous cherchons à mettre en évidence ici les différents types de difficultés rencontrées. Il s’agit aussi d’identifier les éléments qui peuvent permettre de réduire ces difficultés. Notre étude reprend les conclusions d’études déjà réalisées à ce propos. Elle présente également le résultat d’une étude qualitative réalisée en 2011 auprès de 45 expatriés en Inde, en Chine ou en Europe. Nous soulignerons ainsi l’importance de la communication mais aussi du suivi, voire d’un système de tutorat, avant, pendant et après l’expatriation. Nous proposons de considérer les premières expériences d’expatriation comme de la formation et d’adapter cette période en fonction de l’éloignement, notamment culturel, du pays d’origine

The Use of Gene Expression Analysis and Proteomic Databases in The Development of a Screening System To Determine The Value of Natural Medicinal Products

A rapid throughput screening system involving gene expression analysis was developed in order to investigate the potential of bioactive chemicals contained in natural health products as effective drug therapy, in particular the ability of these chemicals to alleviate the inflammatory response in human airway epithelial cells. A number of databases were searched to retrieve the information needed to properly analyze the gene expression profiles obtained. The gene expression of human bronchial epithelial cells infected with rhinovirus and/or exposed to platelet activating factor was analyzed. Following analysis of the gene expression data the total number of expressed proteins that may potentially act as a marker for monitoring the modulation of airway inflammation was narrowed to 19. Further studies will involve selecting antibodies for these proteins, culturing airway epithelial cells in the presence of extracts of natural health products, extracting the proteins and identifying them by western blot analysis

An early secretory pathway mediated by GNOM-LIKE 1 and GNOM is essential for basal polarity establishment in Arabidopsis thaliana

Spatial regulation of the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA, or auxin) is essential for plant development. Auxin gradient establishment is mediated by polarly localized auxin transporters, including PIN-FORMED (PIN) proteins. Their localization and abundance at the plasma membrane are tightly regulated by endo-membrane machinery, especially the endocytic and recycling pathways mediated by the ADP ribosylation factor guanine nucleotide exchange factor (ARF-GEF) GNOM. We assessed the role of the early secretory pathway in establishing PIN1 polarity in Arabidopsis thaliana by pharmacological and genetic approaches. We identified the compound endosidin 8 (ES8), which selectively interferes with PIN1 basal polarity without altering the polarity of apical proteins. ES8 alters the auxin distribution pattern in the root and induces a strong developmental phenotype, including reduced root length. The ARF-GEF-defective mutants gnom-like 1 (gnl1-1) and gnom (van7) are significantly resistant to ES8. The compound does not affect recycling or vacuolar trafficking of PIN1 but leads to its intracellular accumulation, resulting in loss of PIN1 basal polarity at the plasma membrane. Our data confirm a role for GNOM in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi trafficking and reveal that a GNL1/GNOM-mediated early secretory pathway selectively regulates PIN1 basal polarity establishment in a manner essential for normal plant development

Managing the Risk of Life

This study analyzes the role of individual’s and spouse’s survival expectations and knowledge about Social Security rules on the expected Social Security claiming age, taking into account the various incentives single and married individuals face. There is substantial heterogeneity in the level of knowledge about SS rules according to demographic characteristics. We find that single men and women who expect to be longlived plan on delaying Social Security claiming. When we allow for differential effects of survival on knowledge about Social Security rules, subjective survivals matter only for single women who are knowledgeable. For single men, knowledge is not so important in their decisions. The claiming decision of married individuals is more complicated, because they are entitled to spouse’s and survivor’s benefits. Consistent with the incentives provided by Social Security rules, we find that married men base their expected claiming age on their spouse’s survival expectations but not on their own survival. For married women, both own and spouse’s subjective survivals positively influence the timing of claiming. Knowledge about Social Security rules affects the expected claiming age of both married men and women.Social Security Administrationhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/57429/4/wp167.pd