Letter, 1841 July 19, William Henry Roane, Washington, D.C. to John Tyler

W[illia]m H[enry] Roane, Washington, [D.C.], to the President [John Tyler], n.p. Recommends Jackson M. Stewart for an appointment; expresses regret at his inability to bid him [JT] a personal farewell. 1 p. AL

Letter, 1841 July 19, William Henry Roane, Washington, D.C. to John Tyler

Recommends Jackson M. Stewart for an appointment; expresses regret at his inability to bid him [JT] a personal farewell. Autograph Signed Lette

Graph-Based Sports Rankings

In this project, we developed an approach to sports rankings that reflects the strength of each team while accounting for game results. We implemented a dynamic programming algorithm that creates an optimal ranking for roughly thirty teams. We designed approximation algorithms that formulate near-optimal rankings in polynomial time. Finally, we created postprocess algorithms that determine the best possible ranking, given multiple equivalent optimal rankings. Our rankings remain true to actual game results, ultimately making them better than existing rankings

Competition between positive and negative reinforcement in the treatment of escape behavior.

We compared the effects of reinforcing compliance with either positive reinforcement (edible items) or negative reinforcement (a break) on 5 participants' escape-maintained problem behavior. Both procedures were assessed with or without extinction. Results showed that compliance was higher and problem behavior was lower for all participants when compliance produced an edible item rather than a break. Treatment gains were achieved without the use of extinction. Results are discussed regarding the use of positive reinforcement to treat escape behavior

Sleep Problems Predict and Are Predicted by Generalized Anxiety/Depression and Oppositional Defiant Disorder

OBJECTIVE: We tested whether sleep problems co-occur with, precede, and/or follow common psychiatric disorders during childhood and adolescence. We also clarified the role of comorbidity, and tested for specificity of associations among sleep problems and psychiatric disorders. METHOD: Data came from the Great Smoky Mountains Study, a representative population sample of 1,420 children, assessed 4 to 7 times per person between ages 9 and 16 for major DSM-IV disorders and sleep problems. Sleep-related symptoms were removed from diagnostic criteria when applicable. RESULTS: Sleep problems during childhood and adolescence were common, with restless sleep and difficulty falling asleep being the most common symptoms. Cross-sectional analyses showed that sleep problems co-occurred with many psychiatric disorders. Longitudinal analyses revealed that sleep problems predicted increases in the prevalence of later generalized anxiety disorder and high generalized anxiety disorder/depression symptoms, and oppositional defiant disorder. In turn, generalized anxiety disorder and/or depression and oppositional defiant disorder predicted increases in sleep problems over time. CONCLUSIONS: Sleep problems both predict and are predicted by a diagnostic cluster that includes oppositional defiant disorder, generalized anxiety disorder and depression. Screening children for sleep problems could offer promising opportunities for reducing the burden from mental illness during the early life course