Impact of Leader-Member Exchange Relationship and Job design on Counterproductive Work Behavior (CWB): The Role of Job Burnout

The aim of this study is to synthesize the effect of Leader-member exchange relationship (LMX) and Job design on Counterproductive work behavior (CWB) through the mediating lens of all three dimensions of Job Burnout that based upon Conservation of Resource (COR) theory. A sample size of 350 respondents was used for collecting data with the help of research survey by distributing questionnaires to the employees who are working in public sector universities of higher education sector that are currently based in twin cities (Islamabad and Rawalpindi) of Pakistan. Techniques of Simple and Multiple linear regressions were carried out for accessing mediation analysis via SPSS version 21.0 and AMOS version 27.0.  Findings of this study has revealed that LMX relationship is significantly but negatively related to Counterproductive work behavior (CWB) and Job design is significantly and positively related to (CWB). Also Job Burnout is a significant variable that mediates between Leader-member exchange for developing quality exchange relationships, job design and counterproductive work behaviors. This study gave into new insights and results into the existing body of knowledge along with practical implications and outcomes. Limitations for this study along with future directions of research are also discussed at the end

N-(2-Chloro­phen­yl)-4-hydr­oxy-2H-1,2-benzothia­zine-3-carboxamide 1,1-dioxide

In the title compound, C15H11ClN2O4S, there are two independent mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit, in which the heterocyclic thia­zine rings in both mol­ecules adopt half-chair conformations. The conformations about the C—C and C—N bonds in the central C—C—N—C chain in both mol­ecules are all EZ. There are strong intra­molecular O—H⋯O and N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds resulting in graph-set patterns S(6) and S(5) for the oxo and amino rings, in addition to intra­molecular N—H⋯Cl inter­actions. In the crystal structure, mol­ecules are linked by inter­molecular O—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds into chains along [100]

(E)-3-(2-Chloro-6-methyl-3-quinol­yl)-1-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)prop-2-en-1-one

In the title mol­ecule, C21H16ClNO3, the quinoline and benzene rings are inclined at 56.96 (6)° with respect to each other and the dioxine ring is in a twist-chair conformation. The structure is devoid of any classical hydrogen bonds. Rather weak inter­molecular hydrogen-bonding inter­actions of the types C—H⋯N and C—H⋯O are present, consolidating the crystal structure

Coping styles and depression among patients with solid organ cancers attending two tertiary care hospitals of Karachi: a cross sectional study.

Cancer undoubtedly affects patients in all aspects. Cancer diagnosis is a stressful event and coping is the primary mechanism used to adjust and counteract the stress. This study aims to assess the coping styles and prevalence of depression among solid organ cancer patients during treatment phase, attending two tertiary care hospitals of Karachi. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among solid organ cancer patients at Aga Khan University Hospital and Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Center. Coping and depression were assessed by Brief COPE and Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) 20 respectively. Purposive sampling technique was used to recruit 488 patients. Coping styles are reported as mean ± SD. Prevalence has been computed for depression and Chi-square test is used to assess the relationship of depression with different variables. Correlation was assessed for coping styles and depression. The frequently used coping styles were active coping, acceptance, religion and self-distraction. 48.4% depression was estimated among patients. The significantly positive correlation of depression was found with active coping, planning, self-blame, venting, use of emotional support and substance use. While depression correlated negatively with acceptance, religion, self-distraction and humor. Depression was significantly associated with study sites, age, socioeconomic quintiles, past history of hospitalization and substance use. Our research addressed the missing element of mental health in oncology. Depression is a common mental ailment and often the initial manifestation towards deterioration of mental health. Each cancer patient copes differently which either promotes or hinders their fighting spirit. Hence, mental health screening and counseling are recommended in the treatment protocol of cancer patients. Also, support group interventions can help cancer patients to cope effectively

Calculating the electronic transmission properties of semiconducting carbon nanotube Schottky diodes with increase in diameter

Transmission of twenty-four carbon nanotube geometries to form twelve intramolecular junctions between every two carbon nanotubes have been investigated numerically. The twelve carbon nanotubes are zigzag and rest carbon nanotubes are armchair forming three different kinds of intramolecular junctions named as circumferential defective carbon nanotubes, grouped defective carbon nanotubes and distributed defective carbon nanotubes. Electronic states joining carbon nanotubes form Schottky diode that is analyzed using the tight-binding method. These quantum transmissions through Schottky diodes have been compared among the different defective carbon nanotubes and correlated with the pentagon and heptagon that formed in the intramolecular junction. The transmission coefficient of conduction band always simulated less than the transmission coefficient of valence band in each intramolecular junction irrespective of the joining of carbon nanotubes in the Schottky diodes. The maximum asymmetry of distributed defective carbon nanotubes in transmission is observed more clearly than that for other two defective carbon nanotubes forming Schottky diodes. It is interesting to note that the position of the localized states above and below the Fermi energy level may be controlled with the distribution of the defect pairs and the hexagons around the defects in the defected carbon nanotube

Clinical Applications of Electron Microscopy in the Analysis of Collagenous Biomaterials

Scanning and transmission electron microscopy are of clinical value in assessing the interaction between biomaterials and ingrowing tissues. Ultrastructural information allows the clinician and biomaterials specialist to determine events occurring during wound healing and the biocompatibility of prosthetic devices. This paper reviews some of the experimental and clinical studies done in our laboratory on the use of natural and reconstituted collagen as replacements for connective tissues. Consideration is given to collagen flakes used for the treatment of dermal ulcers, a collagen fiber prosthesis used for tendon and ligament replacement, the effects of chemical preservatives on cartilage used for replacement of tissues during plastic surgery and the growth and orientation of nerve cells on reconstituted collagen fibers. Our results show that reconstituted collagen can be prepared into prosthetic devices which encourage cell attachment and orientation thereby facilitating healing of injured tissues. Furthermore chemical preservation of cartilagenous tissues kills chondrocytes resulting in eventual resorption by inflammatory cells

Impact of the societal response to COVID-19 on access to healthcare for non-COVID-19 health issues in slum communities of Bangladesh, Kenya, Nigeria and Pakistan: Results of pre-COVID and COVID-19 lockdown stakeholder engagements

Introduction: With COVID-19, there is urgency for policymakers to understand and respond to the health needs of slum communities. Lockdowns for pandemic control have health, social and economic consequences. We consider access to healthcare before and during COVID-19 with those working and living in slum communities.Methods: In seven slums in Bangladesh, Kenya, Nigeria and Pakistan, we explored stakeholder perspectives and experiences of healthcare access for non-COVID-19 conditions in two periods: pre-COVID-19 and during COVID-19 lockdowns.Results: Between March 2018 and May 2020, we engaged with 860 community leaders, residents, health workers and local authority representatives. Perceived common illnesses in all sites included respiratory, gastric, waterborne and mosquitoborne illnesses and hypertension. Pre-COVID, stakeholders described various preventive, diagnostic and treatment services, including well-used antenatal and immunisation programmes and some screening for hypertension, tuberculosis, HIV and vectorborne disease. In all sites, pharmacists and patent medicine vendors were key providers of treatment and advice for minor illnesses. Mental health services and those addressing gender-based violence were perceived to be limited or unavailable. With COVID-19, a reduction in access to healthcare services was reported in all sites, including preventive services. Cost of healthcare increased while household income reduced. Residents had difficulty reaching healthcare facilities. Fear of being diagnosed with COVID-19 discouraged healthcare seeking. Alleviators included provision of healthcare by phone, pharmacists/drug vendors extending credit and residents receiving philanthropic or government support; these were inconsistent and inadequate.Conclusion: Slum residents\u27 ability to seek healthcare for non-COVID-19 conditions has been reduced during lockdowns. To encourage healthcare seeking, clear communication is needed about what is available and whether infection control is in place. Policymakers need to ensure that costs do not escalate and unfairly disadvantage slum communities. Remote consulting to reduce face-to-face contact and provision of mental health and gender-based violence services should be considered

(2E)-3-(2-Chloro-6-methyl-3-quinol­yl)-1-(1-naphth­yl)prop-2-en-1-one

In the title mol­ecule, C23H16ClNO, the quinoline and naphthalene ring systems are individually planar, with maximum deviations of 0.020 (2) and 0.033 (2) Å, respectively, and are inclined at a dihedral angle of 30.01 (4)°. Intra­molecular C—H⋯O and C—H⋯Cl inter­actions occur. The crystal structure is devoid of any classical hydrogen bonds, but symmetry-related mol­ecules are linked via weak C—H⋯Cl inter­actions, forming chains propagating in [001]