Potential of Omega-3 Supplementation on Muscle Mass, Muscle Strength, and Physical Performance in Elderly Community

BACKGROUND: Geriatric problem characterized by reduced functional ability and impaired adaptation function caused by the decline in various body systems, as well as increased vulnerability to various kinds of stressors, which reduce a person’s functional performance. AIM: This study was aimed to explore the effect of omega-3 supplementation on muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in the elderly community in Palembang, Indonesia. METHODS: This study is an open clinical trial, to assess the potential of omega-3 supplementation on muscle mass, handgrip strength, and physical activity of elderly community. Omega-3 is given as much as 1.2 g once a day for 12 weeks orally. Muscle strength was assessed using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis. Meanwhile, the muscle strength was assessed with a muscle dynamometer. RESULTS: Omega-3 supplementation has only shown potent efficacy in improving muscle strength in geriatrics patients (before omega-3 supplementation 25.1 + 5.11; after omega-3 supplementation 26.2 + 5.16; p < 0.05). Omega 3 supplementation did not show significant improvement in muscle mass and gait ability in elderly patients. CONCLUSIONS: Omega-3 supplementation improves handgrip strength but does not increase muscle mass and physical performance for geriatrics

Factors Related with Handgrip Strength in Elderly Patients

Background: the aging process causes decreasing in the function of various organs. Skletal muscle is one of the organs affected by aging process. It is known as sarcopenia. Sarcopenia is defined as a syndrome characterized by progressive loss of muscle mass and strength. The handgrip strength examination is often applied as a sarcopenia filtering technique. This study aimed to determine the relationship between age, nutritional status, and chronic diseases such as stroke, hypertension (HT), diabetes mellitus (DM), coronary heart disease (CHD), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with handgrip strength. Methods: a cross-sectional study to determine factors related to the handgrip strength in elderly patients was conducted in Geriatric outpatient clinic of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital and Mohammad Hoesin Hospital from August to October 2015. There were 352 eligible subjects in this study recruited with consecutive sampling. The independent variables in the study consisted of age, sex, nutritional status, chronic disease (stroke, hypertension (HT), diabetes mellitus (DM), coronary heart disease (CHD) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)), waist circumference while the dependent variable was handgrip strength. Results: age of more than 75 years old and malnutriton were risk factors that affected hangrip strength. Age of >75 years increase the risk for having low handgrip strength by 2,3-fold. Malnutrition increased risk for low handgrip strength for 1,9-fold. Conclusion: ages of >75 years old and malnutrition will increase the risk of low handgrip strength in elderly patients

SARCOPENIA IN ELDERLY PATIENTS: WHAT ARE THE CONTRIBUTING RISK FACTORS?

Sarcopenia in Elderly Patients: What are the Contributing Risk Factors?. Sarcopenia is the gradual loss of muscle mass associated with aging. The process by which sarcopenia occurs is not fully understood. Many factors are at risk of causing sarcopenia, such as age, gender, and physical activity. Early detection with the SARC-F questionnaire is needed to prevent sarcopenia. This study is a descriptive observational study with a cross-sectional approach with total sampling to see the description of sarcopenia and risk factors in elderly patients at the Geriatric Polyclinic of Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang. Primary data were collected through interviews using a questionnaire, and then analyzed univariately. A total of 48.4% of the elderly at the Geriatric Polyclinic of Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang had sarcopenia findings. Patients in the sarcopenia group were mostly aged 70-79 years (41.9%), female (64.5%), married (58.1%), history of primary education (32.3%), had worked (58.1%), had mild comorbidities (58.1%), sedentary physical activity (74.2%), and at risk of malnutrition (54.8%)

Indonesian Geriatrics Society Consensus on COVID-19 Management in Older Adults

More than 80% of death cases and 95% of severe COVID-19 occur in patients aged over 60 years. Atypical clinical manifestations with high morbidity and mortality further emphasize the importance of COVID-19 management in older adults. Some older patients may appear asymptomatic while other may present with acute respiratory distress syndrome and multi organ failure. Fever, higher respiratory rate and crackles may present. The most common chest x-ray finding is ground glass opacity. Other imaging modalities that are often used are pulmonary computed tomography scan and lung ultrasonography. COVID-19 management in older adults should be comprehensive, starting from oxygen, fluid, nutritional, physical rehabilitation, pharmacology and psychosocial therapy. In this consensus, we also discuss about management of older adults with special condition such as diabetes mellitus, kidney disease, malignancy, frailty, delirium, immobilization and dementia. In post COVID-19 phase, we believe that physical rehabilitation is important as it is done to improve fitness. keywords : COVID-19; older adults; consensus; managemen

THE CORRELATION OF OMEGA 3 LEVELS WITH INTERLEUKIN-6 LEVELS IN A HEALTHY ELDERLY COMMUNITY RSMH PALEMBANG

Ageing is associated with the geriatric syndrome, characterized by several health issues frequently associated with immunosenescence. In the elderly, immunosenescence is characterized by low-grade chronic systemic inflammation manifested as elevated levels of inflammatory molecular and cellular markers. One of the inflammatory markers is interleukin 6 (IL-6). In addition, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are a class of biologically active and anti-inflammatory fatty acids. This study aims to determine the relationship between omega-3 and interleukin-6 levels in the elderly in RSMH Palembang who are in good health. This investigation is a cross-sectional, analytic observational study. The sampling method employed was consecutive sampling. The participants in this study were members of the RSMH Palembang healthy elderly community who were 60 years of age or older. People who were malnourished, had severe illnesses like cancer or autoimmune diseases, or were taking Omega-3 supplements were not allowed in this study. As a result, 22 (55%) of 40 research subjects had low serum omega-3 levels. On the other hand, there were 35 (87.5%) samples with elevated serum IL-6 levels and 5 (12.5%) samples with normal IL-6 levels among the samples obtained. The correlation analysis showed that there was a strong negative correlation between the levels of serum omega-3 and interleukin 6 (p = 0.005). Omega 3 levels and interleukin-6 levels are correlated in the healthy elderly population of RSMH Palembang

Reading Holy Quran Associated With Better Cognitive Function in Older Adults: A Systematic Review

Background: As the global population ages, understanding factors that contribute to better cognitive function in older adults becomes crucial. This systematic review delves into the potential relationship between reading the Holy Quran and cognitive function in older adults. Methods: A systematic search was conducted across five electronic databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Tripdatabase, Cochrane) to identify relevant studies that were published between 2004 to December 2023. Inclusion criteria were centered on studies exploring the correlation between reading the Quran and cognitive function in older adults. Results: Five studies meeting the inclusion criteria were included in this systematic review. Notably, four of these studies reported a significant correlation between the intensity or duration of Quranic reading and improved cognitive function in older adults. Discussion: The findings imply a potential positive association between engaging with the Holy Quran and cognitive function among the elderly. This relationship holds promise for potential applications in cognitive health interventions for older adults especially for Muslim patients. Conclusion: This review provides evidence supporting the relationship between reading the Holy Quran and normal cognitive function in older adults. The consistent findings underscore the importance of further research to elucidate underlying mechanisms and consider potential implications for cognitive health interventions

Clinical Correlations Delirium and other Comorbid in Elderly with COVID-19 Infection

Background. Delirium is a common condition in geriatric patients. One of the trigger factors for this condition is an infection, such as COVID-19 infection. Elderly with COVID-19 show atypical symptoms such as delirium. Elderly patients with COVID-19 who present with delirium, either as a primary symptom or showing symptoms or signs, have a poor prognosis. This study were aimed to presents covid-19 elderly patient with comorbid delirium. Case presentation. A 77-year-old woman with disorientation for one day came to Emergency Department with her family. She had no history of headaches, blurred vision, or seizures. However, she had a fever, did not want to eat for three days, and had a purulent decubitus ulcer. The patient was diagnosed with acute delirium syndrome, confirmed COVID-19 with sepsis, malnutrition, hypercoagulation, grade III decubitus ulcer, suspected dementia, immobilization, total dependence. The patient admitted to the isolation ward. The patient had meropenem 500 mg every 12 hours, anticoagulants and favipiravir according to the dose and parenteral nutrition. Conclusion. Patients with COVID-19 who present with delirium, either as a primary symptom or presenting symptoms or signs, have a worse outcome. Delirium relationship with comorbid factors can increase mortality and morbidity in the elderly with COVID-19

Factors Related with Handgrip Strength in Elderly Patients

Background: the aging process causes decreasing in the function of various organs. Skletal muscle is one of the organs affected by aging process. It is known as sarcopenia. Sarcopenia is defined as a syndrome characterized by progressive loss of muscle mass and strength. The handgrip strength examination is often applied as a sarcopenia filtering technique. This study aimed to determine the relationship between age, nutritional status, and chronic diseases such as stroke, hypertension (HT), diabetes mellitus (DM), coronary heart disease (CHD), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with handgrip strength. Methods: a cross-sectional study to determine factors related to the handgrip strength in elderly patients was conducted in Geriatric outpatient clinic of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital and Mohammad Hoesin Hospital from August to October 2015. There were 352 eligible subjects in this study recruited with consecutive sampling. The independent variables in the study consisted of age, sex, nutritional status, chronic disease (stroke, hypertension (HT), diabetes mellitus (DM), coronary heart disease (CHD) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)), waist circumference while the dependent variable was handgrip strength. Results: age of more than 75 years old and malnutriton were risk factors that affected hangrip strength. Age of >75 years increase the risk for having low handgrip strength by 2,3-fold. Malnutrition increased risk for low handgrip strength for 1,9-fold. Conclusion: ages of >75 years old and malnutrition will increase the risk of low handgrip strength in elderly patients

Correlation of Vitamin D Serum Levels with Muscle Mass, Muscle Strength, and Physical Performance in the Elderly Community in Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang

Background: Older people tend to have decreased activity and intake of macronutrients and micronutrients that are not in accordance with the body's needs. Research in 2017 on elderly men and women at the Center for Family Compensation (PUSAKA) in Central Jakarta showed that 80.2% of elderly people have vitamin D deficiency. Low serum levels of vitamin D in the body are the initial risk of decreased muscle mass and physical performance in old age. where there is a significant correlation between low serum vitamin D levels in the body with sarcopenia and mortality. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation of vitamin D levels with muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance in the elderly community at RSMH Palembang. Methods: This research is a study analytic observation with a cross-sectional approach that was carried out at the Integrated Geriatric Clinic Internal Medicine RSMH Palembang from November 2019 to November 2020. A sample of 34 people aged> 60 years were examined for muscle mass, muscle strength, physical performance and serum vitamin D levels. All processing and analysis The data in this study used SPSS version 25 for Windows. Results: From 34 subjects, it was found that there were 29 women (85.3%) and 5 men (14.7%). The mean value of muscle mass is38.76 ± 4.1 kg / m2, long runs within 6 meters 6.12± 0.9 m / sec, and hand grip strength 24.9 ± 5.2 kg. It was found that 18 (62.1%) female samples had vitamin D deficiency while 11 (37.9%) samples had vitamin D insufficiency. There was a significant correlation between muscle mass and hand grip strength with vitamin D with weak correlation strength and length of walking with vitamin D with moderate correlation strength. Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between muscle mass and grip strength and walking time of 6 meters with vitamin D

The Relationship Between High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP) and Diastolic Dysfunction in Geriatrics Patients at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia

Background: Systemic inflammation associated with high hs-CRP levels constitutes one pathway through which diastolic dysfunction develops in older adults. This study aims to determine the relationship between high-sensitivity c-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and diastolic dysfunction in older adults at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia. Methods: This research is an observational analytical study using a cross sectional design. The research was conducted at the geriatrics polyclinic at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia from June to August 2023. A total of 65 people took part in this study. The relationship between hs-CRP and diastolic dysfunction was analyzed using SPSS version 25, univariate and bivariate. Results: Hs-CRP had a significant relationship with diastolic dysfunction on a numerical scale (p=0.012), with a median value of 1.6 mg/dL in subjects with diastolic dysfunction and 0.9 mg/dL in subjects without diastolic dysfunction. On the categorical scale, the hsCRP less than 1 mg/dL group found nine subjects (23.7%) with diastolic dysfunction and 14 subjects (51.9%) without diastolic dysfunction, the hsCRP 1-3 mg/dL group found 21 subjects (55.3%) with diastolic dysfunction and 12 subjects (44.9%) without diastolic dysfunction, in the hsCRP more than 3 mg/dL group (p=0.026) there were eight subjects (21.1%) with diastolic dysfunction and one subject (3.7%) without dysfunction diastolic. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between hsCRP and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in geriatrics patients at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia