Agronomic efficiency and residual effect of pand k rock biofertilizers with acidithiobacillus in two lecttuce consecutive crops in a brazilian soil from the Cariri cearense

A produção de biofertilizantes a partir de rochas é um processo prático que reduz o consumo de energia e aumenta a disponibilidade de nutrientes no solo. Com biofertilizantes produzidos a partir de rochas fosfatadas (RP) e potássicas (RK) com adição de S inoculado com Acidithiobacillus (S*) realizou-se um experimento em campo, no esquema fatorial 52, no delineamento em blocos casualizados, com 4 repetições. Foram realizados dois plantios consecutivos com alface (cv. Crespa), para avaliar a eficiência e o poder residual de biofertilizante fosfatado nos níveis (BP0, BP1, BP2 e BP3) e SFS (superfosfato simples no nível recomendado) e níveis de biofertilizante potássico (BK0, BK1, BK2 e BK3) e KCl (cloreto de potássio no nível recomendado), em atributos na planta e no solo. O nível 1 equivale a 50% do recomendado, o nível 2 ao recomendado e o nível 3 equivalente a 150% a da recomendação com base na análise do solo. Como adubação básica aplicou-se vermicomposto de minhoca (600g m-2). O experimento foi conduzido em solo representativo da região do Cariri (Crato-CE), com baixo nível de P e médio de K. Na planta avaliou-se a biomassa fresca e seca da parte aérea, altura, nº de folhas e avaliação comercial, P e K total na parte aérea, e no solo determinou-se o pH, P e K disponível. No primeiro e no segundo cicloos melhores resultados de produção de alface foram obtidos com a aplicação de SFT e KCL e com os biofertilizantes BP e BK no nível equivalente ao recomendado. No segundo ciclo ficou evidenciada a resposta positiva dos biofertilizantes BP e BK. Os biofertilizantes de rochas com P e K no tratamento BP2BK3, de uma maneira geral apresentou o melhor resultado. Com referência ao efeito da fertilização no pH não foi observado efeito significativo em relação ao pH do solo natural, com redução mais acentuada quando aplicado o SFS. O poder residual (segundo ciclo) mostrou melhor resposta dos biofertilizantes no nível BP2BK3 no P e K disponível do solo. Os biofertilizantes de rochas com P e K inoculados com Acidithiobacillus mostraram que podem ser usados como alternativa para substituição a fertilizantes solúveis.Production of rock biofertilizers is a practical process with reduction of energy consumption and increasing nutrients availability in soils. A field experiment was carried out applying P and K biofertilizers from phosphate rock (Apatite-PR) and potash rock (biotite-KR) plus sulfur inoculated with Acidithiobacillus, on lettuce (cv. Crespa) in two consecutive crops with the aim do evaluate the agronomic efficiency and the residual effect of P biofertilizers in levels (BP0, BP1, BP2 e BP3) and SSP (simple super phosphate in recommended level) and K biofertilizers in levels (BK0, BK1, BK2 e BK3) and KCl (potassium chloride in recommended level), on lettuce and in some soil attributes. Level 1 is equivalent to 50% recommendation, 2 recommended level to lettuce and 3 is 150% of recommended level based in soil analyses. A control treatment was added without P and K (P0K0). Nitrogen was applied as basic fertilization in the conventional form used in the Cariri region (storm compound in level 600 mg/m2). The experiment was carried out in a representative soil of the Cariri region, with low available P and medium available K. The plant was cropped following the conventional system for lettuce. On plants were evaluated fresh biomass and dry biomass in shoots, plant height, number of leaves, commercial evaluation, total P and total K on shootdry biomass, and in soil were determined pH, available P and K in soil. In both crops the best results of lettuce yield were obtained when applied TSP, KCl, P and K biofertilizers in level BP2BK3. In reference to the effect of fertilization in pH values it was not observed significant response compared to pH in the natural soil, with greater reduction when applied SSP. Although in the second crop was evident the positive response of the biofertilizers, especially the residual effect when applied the P and K rock biofertilizers in treatment BP2BK3 showing that they may be alternative for substitution of soluble mineral fertilizers to lettuce in soil withlow available P and medium available K

Núcleos de Ensino da Unesp: artigos 2007

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil

Abstract An updated inventory of Brazilian seed plants is presented and offers important insights into the country's biodiversity. This work started in 2010, with the publication of the Plants and Fungi Catalogue, and has been updated since by more than 430 specialists working online. Brazil is home to 32,086 native Angiosperms and 23 native Gymnosperms, showing an increase of 3% in its species richness in relation to 2010. The Amazon Rainforest is the richest Brazilian biome for Gymnosperms, while the Atlantic Rainforest is the richest one for Angiosperms. There was a considerable increment in the number of species and endemism rates for biomes, except for the Amazon that showed a decrease of 2.5% of recorded endemics. However, well over half of Brazillian seed plant species (57.4%) is endemic to this territory. The proportion of life-forms varies among different biomes: trees are more expressive in the Amazon and Atlantic Rainforest biomes while herbs predominate in the Pampa, and lianas are more expressive in the Amazon, Atlantic Rainforest, and Pantanal. This compilation serves not only to quantify Brazilian biodiversity, but also to highlight areas where there information is lacking and to provide a framework for the challenge faced in conserving Brazil's unique and diverse flora