Morphologic transformation of human breast epithelial cells MCF-10A: dependence on an oxidative microenvironment and estrogen/epidermal growth factor receptors

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>MCF-10A, immortalized but non-transformed human breast epithelial cells, are widely used in research examining carcinogenesis. The studies presented here were initiated with the observation that MCF-10A cells left in continuous culture for prolonged periods without re-feeding were prone to the development of transformed foci. We hypothesized that the depletion of labile culture components led to the onset of processes culminating in the observed cell transformation. The purpose of this study was to define the factors which promoted transformation of this cell line.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Changes in levels of phenol red (PHR), hydrocortisone (HC), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) with or without estrogen treatment indicated that both oxidative stress- and estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-mediated pathways contribute to cell transformation. Gene array and Western blotting analyses of cells maintained in our laboratory and of those from other sources documented detectable ERα and ER<it>beta </it>(ERβ) in this ERα-negative cataloged cell line. Results also indicate the possibility of a direct association of EGF receptor (EGFR) and ERα in these cells as well as the formation and high induction of a novel ternary complex that includes ERβ (ERα/ERβ/EGFR) in cells grown under conditions facilitating transformation.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our studies resulted in the development of a growth protocol where the effects of chronic, physiologically relevant alterations in the microenvironment on cellular transformation were examined. From our results, we were able to propose a model of transformation within the MCF-10A cell line in which oxidative stress, ER and EGFR play essential roles. Overall, our work indicates that the immediate microenvironment of cells exerts powerful growth cues which ultimately determine their transformation potential.</p

Exploring Primary Student's Problem-Solving Ability by Doing Tasks Like PISA's Question

Problem solving plays an important role in mathematics and should have a prominent role in the mathematics education. The term problem solving refers to mathematics tasks that have the potential to provide intellectual challenges for enhancing students' mathematical understanding and development. In addition, the contextual problem that requires students to connect their mathematical knowledge in solving mathematical situational problem is believed to be an impact on the development students' problem-solving ability. The tasks that have been developed by PISA meet both of these criteria. As stated by the NCTM, that problem-solving skill and ability should be developed to students when they were in primary school (K5-8), therefore, it is important to do an effort to guide students in developing problem-solving ability from primary school such as accustom students to do some mathematical solving-problem tasks. Thus, in this research we tried to investigate how to develop mathematical problem-solving tasks like PISA's question that have potential effect toward students' mathematical problem-solving abilities?. We used a formative evaluation type of development research as an mean to achieve this research goal. This type of research is conducted in two steps, namely preliminary stage and formative evaluation stage covering self evaluation, prototyping (expert reviews, one-to-one, and small group), and field test. This research involve four primary schools in Palembang, there are SD Muhammadiyah 6 Palembang, MIN 1 & MIN 2 Palembang, and SDN 179 Palembang. The result of this research showed that the mathematical problem-solving tasks that have been developed have potential effect in exploring mathematical problem-solving ability of the primary school students. It is shown from their work in solving problem where all of the indicators of problem solving competency have emerged quite well category. In addition, based on interview result from some students, known that they like to do such tasks because can improve their reasoning, creativity and thinking ability

APPLICATION OF THE REFLECTIVE LEARNING THEORY IN DISCLOSURE OF STUDENT ACHIEVEMENTS WHEN LEARNING GRAMMAR II IN IAIN LANGSA.

The objective of this study is to find out what are the reflection of students’ achievement after learning sentences structure grammar II at IAIN Langsa.Reflection represents serious consideration of past actions and experiences with the aim to evaluate them for future actions. This research was qualitative that conducted in one class.&nbsp; The data has been taken by questionnaires and interviews. It is a descriptive survey research including questionnaires and interview. After collecting the data, they were analyzed and described to have the final results. The result of this thesis illustrates that there are several students’ achievement reflections after learning grammar II at IAIN Langsa. There such the awareness of students of independent learning and the awareness of students about the role of students in solving a problem

Maestro seni tradisi

Maestro Seni Tradisi Indonesia adalah tokoh-tokoh seni tradisional Indonesia yang terpilih berdasarkan hasil pengamatan dan survei di lapangan serta hasil penilaian dan diskusi mendalam oleh Tim Penilai yang terdiri atas akademisi, pakar, budayawan, dan pelaku seni tradisi lisan. Maestro Seni Tradisi tersebut dipilih dari lebih 60 orang tokoh dan seniman besar seni tradisi Indonesia yang diusulkan oleh lembaga pemerintah dan masyarakat, lembaga pendidikan seni di berbagai daerah, Dewan Kesenian Daerah dan LSM kesenian tadisional Indonesia, yang diteliti secara seksama dan mendalam oleh Tim penilai. Penilaian terhadap usulan maestro tersebut dilaksanakan berdasarkan kriteria antara lain seni tersebut unik, khas dan hampir punah serta senimannya memiliki kemampuan mentransformasikan keahliannya

Determinan Bias Boundary dan Bias Pengambilan Keputusan: Perspektif Bounded Rationality Theory

In accounting, decision is an important aspect but prone to bias in its making process. Limitation in decision making that lead to bias is driven by some bound. This study aims to enunciate some bounds and identify bias determinant in decision making process. Literature review is employed to analyze thirty-four articles since 1986 until 2018 from renown journal publisher such as science direct, emerald, Jstor regarding decision making in business field. The results shows that there are 9 bias determinant in decision making process such as task complexity, information presentation format, quality and quantity of information/data, situation/environment, competency, method, experience, personality trait and motivation. This article contribute to body of literature and decision makers by provide gap on decision making on the context of judgment bias and bias determinant that should take in to account before making a decision for better result

Waste Management and Sustainable Development in Nigeria: A Study of Anambra State Waste Management Agency

The study was conducted to investigate waste management and sustainable development in Nigeria with particular reference to Anambra State Waste Management Agency (ASWAMA). Survey research design was adopted and the major instrument used for data collection was questionnaire which was structured utilizing five-point likert scale. Pearson product Moment Correlation coefficient and one-sample Kolmogorov Smirnov Test were employed to analyze the data generated. The findings revealed that waste management practice has a significant impact on environmental sustainability in Anambra State. It was recommended that Government should establish stringent legal and regulatory framework that will enhance efficient and appropriate collection and disposal of waste by Anambra State Waste Management Agency. This will ensure environmentally sound waste management system that prevents damage to the Earth's ecosystems and maintain a high quality of life for the inhabitants of the State. Also, Government should pump sufficient funds into the agency to enable them dispose waste generated appropriately since hygiene and health of the citizens are very essential. This is pivotal because improperly stored waste can cause health, safety and economic problems which are detrimental to human existence. Keywords: Waste, waste management, sustainability development