2 research outputs found
A Comparative Insight of Potassium Vanadates as Positive Electrode Materials for Li Batteries: Influence of the Long-Range and Local Structure
Potassium
vanadates with ratio K/V = 1:3, 1:4, and 1:8, prepared by a fast and
facile synthesis route, were investigated as positive electrode materials
in lithium batteries. KV<sub>3</sub>O<sub>8</sub> and K<sub>0.5</sub>V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> have layered structures, while K<sub>0.25</sub>V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> exhibits a tunnel framework isomorphic
to that of β-Na<sub>0.33</sub>V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>. The Raman
spectra of KV<sub>3</sub>O<sub>8</sub>, K<sub>0.5</sub>V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, and K<sub>0.25</sub>V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> compounds
are reported here for the first time, and a detailed comparative analysis
distinguishes spectral patterns specific to each structural arrangement.
The electrochemical performances of these potassium vanadates toward
lithium insertion were investigated. The potassium-richer compound
KV<sub>3</sub>O<sub>8</sub> shows a good rechargeability in spite
of a low discharge capacity of 70 mAh g<sup>–1</sup>, while
the potassium-poorer bronze K<sub>0.25</sub>V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> exhibits the highest specific capacity of 230 mAh g<sup>–1</sup> but a slow and continuous capacity fade with cycling. We demonstrate
that the K<sub>0.5</sub>V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> compound, with
its double-sheet V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> layered framework characterized
by a large interlayer spacing of 7.7 Å, is the best candidate
as positive electrode for lithium battery among the potassium–vanadium
bronzes and oxides. A remarkable specific capacity of 210 mAh g<sup>–1</sup>, combined with excellent capacity retention, is achieved
Unraveling the Structure–Raman Spectra Relationships in V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> Polymorphs via a Comprehensive Experimental and DFT Study
Vanadium pentoxide polymorphs (α-,
β-, γ′-,
and ε′-V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>) have been studied
using the Raman spectroscopy and quantum-chemical calculations based
on density functional theory. All crystal structures have been optimized
by minimizing the total energy with respect to the lattice parameters
and the positions of atoms in the unit cell. The structural optimization
has been followed by the analysis of the phonon states in the Γ-point
of the Brillouin zone, and the analysis has been completed by the
computation of the Raman scattering intensities of the vibrational
modes of the structures. The optimized structural characteristics
compare well with the experimental data, and the calculated Raman
spectra match the experimental ones remarkably well. With the good
agreement between the spectra, a reliable assignment of the observed
Raman peaks to the vibrations of specific structurals units in the
V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> lattices is proposed. The obtained results
support the viewpoint on the layered structure of vanadium pentoxide
polymorphs as an ensemble of V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> chains held
together by weaker interchain and interlayer interactions. Similarities
and distinctions in the Raman spectra of the polymorphs have been
highlighted, and the analysis of the experimental and computational
data allows us, for the first time, to put forward spectrum–structure
correlations for the four V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> structures. These
findings are of the utmost importance for an efficient use of Raman
spectroscopy to probe the changes at the atomic scale in the V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>-based materials under electrochemical operation