Dust emissions from a tunnel-ventilated broiler poultry shed with fresh and partially reused litter

Dust emissions from large-scale, tunnel-ventilated poultry sheds could have negative health and environmental impacts. Despite this fact, the literature concerning dust emissions from tunnel-ventilated poultry sheds in Australia and overseas is relatively scarce. Dust measurements were conducted during two consecutive production cycles at a single broiler shed on a poultry farm near Ipswich, Queensland. Fresh litter was employed during the first cycle and partially reused litter was employed during the second cycle. This provided an opportunity to study the effect that partial litter reuse has on dust emissions. Dust levels were characterised by the number concentration of suspended particles having a diameter between 0.5 and 20 μm and by the mass concentration of dust particles of less than 10 μm diameter (PM10) and 2.5 μm diameter (PM2.5). In addition, we measured the number size distributions of dust particles. The average concentration and emission rate of dust was higher when partially reused litter was used in the shed than when fresh litter was used. In addition, we found that dust particles emitted from the shed with partially reused litter were finer than the particles emitted with fresh litter. Although the change in litter properties is certainly contributing to this observed variability, other factors such as ventilation rate and litter moisture content are also likely to be involved

Particulate number emissions during cold-start with diesel and biofuels: A special focus on particle size distribution

The share of biofuels in the transportation sector is increasing. Previous studies revealed that the use of biofuels decreases the size of particles (which is linked to an increase in particulate toxicity). Current emission regulations do not consider small particles (sub-23 nm); however, there is a focus in future emissions regulations on small particles. These and the fact that within cold-start emissions are higher than during the warmed-up operation highlight the importance of a research that studies particulate matter emissions during cold-start. This research investigates the influence of biofuel on PN and PM concentration, size distribution, median diameter and cumulative share at different size ranges (including sub-23 nm and nucleation mode) during cold-start and warm-up operations using diesel and 10, 15 and 20% mixture (coconut biofuel blended with diesel). During cold-start, between 19 and 29% of total PN and less than 0.8% of total PM were related to the nucleation mode (sub-50 nm). Out of that, the share of sub-23 nm was up to 9% for PN while less than 0.02% for PM. By using biofuel, PN increased between 27 and 57% at cold-start; while, the increase was between 4 and 19% during hot-operation. The median diameter also decreased at cold-start and the nucleation mode particles (including sub-23 nm particles) significantly increased. This is an important observation because using biofuel can have a more adverse impact within cold-start period which is inevitable in most vehicles’ daily driving schedules.<br/

COVER SHEET

This is a manuscript version of this paper. The paper was first published as: Agranovski, Victoria and Ristovski, Zoran D. (2005) Real-time monitoring of viable bioaerosols: capability of the UVAPS to predict the amount of individual microorganisms in aerosol particles

An instrument for the rapid quantification of PM-bound ROS: The Particle into Nitroxide Quencher (PINQ)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) present on or generated by particulate matter (PM) have been implicated in PM-induced health effects. Methodologies to quantify ROS concentrations vary widely, both in detection and collection methods. However, there is currently an increasing emphasis on rapid collection and measurement due to observations of short half-life ROS. To address this problem, this paper details the design and characterization of a novel instrument for the measurement of PM-bound ROS named the Particle Into Nitroxide Quencher (PINQ). This instrument combines the 9,10-bis (phenylethynyl) anthracene-nitroxide (BPEAnit) ROS assay in conjunction with a purpose-built aerosol collection device, the insoluble aerosol collector (IAC). The IAC continuously collects PM regardless of size or chemistry directly into a liquid sample with a collection efficiency of &amp;gt;&amp;thinsp;0.97 and a cut-off size of &amp;lt;&amp;thinsp;20&amp;thinsp;nm. The sampling time resolution of the PINQ is 1&amp;thinsp;min, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.08&amp;thinsp;nmol&amp;thinsp;mĝ'3 in equivalent BPEAnit-Me concentration per volume of air. This high sample time resolution and sensitivity is achieved due to a combination of the highly concentrated IAC liquid sample, minimized liquid sample volume, and the rapid reaction and stability of the BPEAnit probe.</p

An instrument for the rapid quantification of PM-bound ROS: the particle into nitroxide quencher (PINQ)

&copy; Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) present on or generated by particulate matter (PM) have been implicated in PM-induced health effects. Methodologies to quantify ROS concentrations vary widely, both in detection and collection methods. However, there is currently an increasing emphasis on rapid collection and measurement due to observations of short half-life ROS. To address this problem, this paper details the design and characterization of a novel instrument for the measurement of PM-bound ROS named the Particle Into Nitroxide Quencher (PINQ). This instrument combines the 9,10-bis (phenylethynyl) anthracene-nitroxide (BPEAnit) ROS assay in conjunction with a purpose-built aerosol collection device, the insoluble aerosol collector (IAC). The IAC continuously collects PM regardless of size or chemistry directly into a liquid sample with a collection efficiency of &gt;&thinsp;0.97 and a cut-off size of &lt;&thinsp;20&thinsp;nm. The sampling time resolution of the PINQ is 1&thinsp;min, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.08&thinsp;nmol&thinsp;mĝ\u273 in equivalent BPEAnit-Me concentration per volume of air. This high sample time resolution and sensitivity is achieved due to a combination of the highly concentrated IAC liquid sample, minimized liquid sample volume, and the rapid reaction and stability of the BPEAnit probe

Particle emissions from diesel engines-looking beyond carbon soot emissions

Particulate matter (PM) emissions involve a complex mixture of solid and liquid particles suspended in a gas, where it is noted that PM emissions from diesel engines are a major contributor to the ambient air pollution problem. Whilst epidemiological studies have shown a link between increased ambient PM emissions and respiratory morbidity and mortality, studies of this design are not able to identify the PM constituents responsible for driving adverse respiratory health effects. There is strong evidence that organic compounds are most responsible for the toxicity of airborne particles. Some recent toxicological studies indicate that PM related reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the resulting oxidative stress they engender may be implicated in the instigation of the adverse health effects. Taking this into account we have explored the correlation between particulate organic material and the potential of diesel PM to cause oxidative stress, as measured by the concentration of ROS. We find that the oxidative potential of diesel PM although proportional to the total organic content in certain cases shows a much higher correlation with the oxygenated organic fraction. This highlights the importance of knowing the surface chemistry of particles for assessing their health impacts. It also sheds a light onto new aspects of combustion particulate emissions that should be taken into account when establishing relevant metrics for health implications of emissions from various future fuels.</p