Verbena dissecta Willd. ex Spreng.

https://thekeep.eiu.edu/herbarium_specimens_byname/19389/thumbnail.jp

Tourism's Impact on Long-Run Mexican Economic Growth

Tourism is one of the most important factors in the productivity of Mexican economy with significant multiplier effects on economic activity. This paper investigates possible causal relationships among tourism expenditure, real exchange rate and economic growth by using quarterly data. Johansen cointegration analysis shows the existence of one cointegrated vector among real GDP, tourism expenditure and real exchange rate where the corresponding elasticities are positive. The tourism-led growth hypothesis is confirmed through cointegration and causality testing. Tourism expenditure and Real Exchange Rate (RER) are weakly exogenous to real GDP. A modified version of the Granger Causality test shows that causality goes unidirectionally from tourism expenditure and RER to real GDP. Impulse response analysis shows that a shock in tourism expenditure produces a short fall and then a positive effect on growth.economic growth Johansen cointegration test Granger causality tourism-led growth hypothesis.

Multi-domain service orchestration over networks and clouds: a unified approach

End-to-end service delivery often includes transparently inserted Network Functions (NFs) in the path. Flexible service chaining will require dynamic instantiation of both NFs and traffic forwarding overlays. Virtualization techniques in compute and networking, like cloud and Software Defined Networking (SDN), promise such flexibility for service providers. However, patching together existing cloud and network control mechanisms necessarily puts one over the above, e.g., OpenDaylight under an OpenStack controller. We designed and implemented a joint cloud and network resource virtualization and programming API. In this demonstration, we show that our abstraction is capable for flexible service chaining control over any technology domain

Análisis de cointegración y valores umbrales entre la inflación y el crecimiento económico en México: 1970-2007

The aim of this paper is to estimate long run relationships and threshold effects between inflation and economic growth in Mexico. We show the existence of such relationship in a cointegrated vector on Economic Growth (log of real GDP) and Inflation rate finding a corresponding elasticity significantly negative. Moreover, the causal relationship between these two series is studied using a more robust Granger causality test, without finding any directional causality between them. The estimated threshold model suggests 9 percent as the threshold level (i.e., structural break point) of inflation above which inflation significantly slows the Mexican economic growth.cointegration, economic growth, inflation, structural break

Productivity and Composition of Two Improved Native Pastures under Different Grazing Managements in Uruguay

Two improved native pastures were established by phosphoric (P) fertilisation and oversowing of: white clover (Trifolium repens) mixed with birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) (TbL) and annual lotus (Lotus subbiflorus) (Rin). Such pastures were evaluated during 5 years with steers at two stocking rates (High and Low) and two grazing managements (Rotational and Alternate). Presence of legumes was high and botanical changes were favourable in both pastures that evidenced good persistence. Daily liveweight gains of steers and total animal production were high in both pastures, but significantly (P≤ 0.05) higher in TbL. No significant differences were found due to grazing management. High stocking rate resulted in superior (P≤ 0.05) animal production per hectare than Low. No significant interactions were detected

Análisis de cointegración y valores umbrales entre la inflación y el crecimiento económico en México: 1970-2007

El objetivo de este estudio es estimar empíricamente las relaciones de largo plazo y los efectos umbrales entre la inflación y el crecimiento económico en México. Se muestra la existencia de tal relación a través de un vector cointegrado entre el crecimiento económico (PIB real) y la tasa de inflación (medido por el Índice Nacional de Precios al Consumidor), y se encuentra una elasticidad significativamente negativa. Además, la relación causal entre estas dos series es estudiada mediante una prueba más sólida que la de Granger; sin embargo, no encontramos ninguna dirección de causalidad entre las series. Las estimaciones del modelo de valores umbrales sugiere un 9% como el valor umbral (punto de ruptura estructural) entre la inflación y el crecimiento económico, lo cual significa que valores de inflación por encima del umbral tienen un impacto negativo sobre el crecimiento económico en México. Clasificación JEL: E31, O40, O42

Consensus Design of an Evolved High-Redox Potential Laccase

Among the broad repertory of protein engineering methods that set out to improve stability, consensus design has proved to be a powerful strategy to stabilize enzymes without compromising their catalytic activity. Here, we have applied an in-house consensus method to stabilize a laboratory evolved high-redox potential laccase. Multiple sequence alignments were carried out and computationally refined by applying relative entropy and mutual information thresholds. Through this approach, an ensemble of 20 consensus mutations were identified, 18 of which were consensus/ancestral mutations. The set of consensus variants was produced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and analyzed individually, while site directed recombination of the best mutations did not produce positive epistasis. The best single variant carried the consensus-ancestral A240G mutation in the neighborhood of the T2/T3 copper cluster, which dramatically improved thermostability, kinetic parameters and secretion.This study is based upon work funded by and the Spanish Government projects BIO2013-43407-R-DEWRY and BIO2016- 79106-R-Lignolution. BG-F was supported by a FPI national fellowship BES-2014-068887

Effects of Management Strategies on Seed Production and Seedling Recruitment in Birdsfoot Trefoil-White Clover Mixtures

The effects of grazing management on seed production, seed bank size and seedling emergence patterns of Trifolium repens cv. Zapicán (WC) and Lotus corniculatus cv. San Gabriel (BFT) oversown swards were evaluated. A complete randomized block design with 4 replicate blocks was used, in which 4 grazing strategies (grazing all year (SI), summer spelling for seed production (S2), winter rest plus summer spelling (S3) and autumn rest plus summer spelling (S4)), were combined with two defoliation severalties (4 and 10 cm height post-grazing residuals). Plots of 110 m2 were grazed monthly by sheep. Seed production, soil seed bank and seedling emergence were monitored from April 1998 to August 1999. In both species, summer spelling for seed production improved seed yield, especially in BFT. Severe defoliation (4 cm) reduced seed inputs drastically (46% in BFT and 64% in WC). 1000 seed weight was only affected by defoliation severity in WC (0.544 and 0.562 g for 4 and 10 cm height respectively). Potential seedling emergence, between June and December from soil seed bank, was 44 and 35% in BFT and WC, respectively. Seedling emergence of Lotus corniculatus increased under high seed production levels (S3), and also it was improved under intensive grazing during autumn and winter. There were no effects on Trifolium repens seedling emergence. Soil seed bank can preserve seedling recruitment rates in the short term, but maintenance of species balance will depend on seeding spelling management