83 research outputs found
Saint-Bauld â Ăglise Saint-Bauld
LâopĂ©ration de diagnostic archĂ©ologique menĂ©e au pied de la nef de lâĂ©glise de Saint-Bauld, dans lâancien cimetiĂšre, a permis de faire plusieurs dĂ©couvertes importantes sur lâhistoire et les origines du village. DĂ©sormais, sources anciennes et sources archĂ©ologiques semblent coĂŻncider pour permettre de proposer un vĂ©ritable Ă©tablissement de la population Ă partir du dĂ©but du xie s., au moment de la construction dâune Ă©glise et dâun bourg sous lâimpulsion de lâabbaye de Cormery. Sans doute, un..
Loches â Remparts de la citĂ© royale
En amont dâune grande campagne de restauration des remparts de la forteresse de Loches, prĂ©vue Ă partir de septembre 2017, la Ville a souhaitĂ© intervenir sur une portion de muraille situĂ©e sur le front nord-ouest du chĂąteau, rue des fossĂ©s Saint-Ours, dans la continuitĂ© de celle dĂ©jĂ traitĂ©e en 2015. Trois grandes pĂ©riodes de fortification ont pu ĂȘtre observĂ©es sur cette portion de rempart dâenviron 90 m de long pour 15 m de hauteur. La premiĂšre pĂ©riode est caractĂ©risĂ©e par les vestiges dâune..
ChĂąteau-Renault â Tour de lâHorloge
Dans le cadre du projet de restauration de la Tour de lâhorloge du chĂąteau de ChĂąteau-Renault, partiellement effondrĂ©e en 2014, un diagnostic archĂ©ologique a Ă©tĂ© lâoccasion de rĂ©aliser une Ă©tude dâarchĂ©ologie du bĂąti, en sâappuyant sur une analyse fine des techniques de construction et sur plusieurs datations par dendrochronologie. Cette tour mĂ©connue constituait la porte dâentrĂ©e principale du chĂąteau dont il reste un donjon circulaire du xiie s., une chapelle du xiie s. dans un logis restau..
Une motte castrale dans le contexte des recompositions politiques au tournant de lâan mil (RĂ©gion Centre, Indre-et-Loire)
Le diagnostic archĂ©ologique rĂ©alisĂ© en juillet 2011 au pied de la motte castrale de Betz-le-ChĂąteau, dans le sud de la Touraine, a fourni des donnĂ©es significatives sur les dĂ©fenses mises en place Ă lâĂ©poque fĂ©odale dans le village. La datation du mobilier indique que la motte a Ă©tĂ© construite Ă la fin du xe s., câest-Ă -dire dĂšs les premiers mouvements dâĂ©mancipation des comtes et des princes face aux derniers rois carolingiens. Câest sans doute lâĆuvre de Gilles de Betz, qui sâoctroie ainsi le contrĂŽle des voies de communication et de la population du village, situĂ© sur un Ă©peron rocheux et mentionnĂ© comme chef-lieu de viguerie Ă la fin du ixe s. Construite en barrage sur lâentrĂ©e du plateau, la motte castrale est composĂ©e dâun tertre artificiel entourĂ© par un rĂ©seau de fossĂ©s et une enceinte en terre dĂ©finissant trois espaces protĂ©gĂ©s aux fonctions diffĂ©rentes. Le premier est formĂ© par le tertre dont le sommet accueillait sans doute une tour en bois ; il servait de place-forte et matĂ©rialisait la haute-cour. Le second espace, dâune surface Ă peu prĂšs identique, Ă©tait assurĂ©ment dĂ©volu au stockage des denrĂ©es comme le prouvent les silos retrouvĂ©s. ProtĂ©geant sans doute aussi des rĂ©sidences, il formait une premiĂšre basse-cour directement au sud de la motte. Ă lâouest, le troisiĂšme espace protĂ©gĂ©, deux fois plus grand que les deux autres, englobait sans doute une grande partie du village (avec notamment lâĂ©glise et le cimetiĂšre) et formait une seconde basse-cour. La motte et la premiĂšre basse-cour ont Ă©tĂ© trĂšs vite dĂ©laissĂ©es par les seigneurs de Betz, qui ont sans doute prĂ©fĂ©rĂ© vivre dans le village, avant de se faire construire un chĂąteau en pierre en contrebas de lâĂ©peron, peut-ĂȘtre dĂšs le xiie s. Lâespace dĂ©laissĂ© nâa pourtant pas Ă©tĂ© rĂ©occupĂ©, signe sans doute quâau Moyen Ăge, la motte est demeurĂ©e comme un symbole fĂ©odo-vassalique. Cela a orientĂ© lâĂ©volution du village, qui nâa pu se dĂ©velopper que sur les Ă©troits versants de lâĂ©peron.The archaeological evaluation done in July 2011, at the bottom of the bailey of Betz-le-ChĂąteau, in the south of the Touraine region, gave us significant information about the methods used to defend the village during the feudal era. Dating from the artefacts shows that the bailey was built at the end of the 10th century, a period when counts and princes wanted emancipation from the last Carolingian kings. At this time, Gilles de Betz took under his control all the ways of communication and the village population. The village is situated on a rocky spur and is identified as the chief place of the region at the end of the 9th century. The bailey, built as a protection at the front of the plateau, is made of an artificial hillock surrounded by ditches and earthen rampart, defining three areas with different functions. The first area is the hillock, probably welcoming a wooden tower at its summit; it was used as the stronghold and High Court. The second area was used for food storage, as the silos found on site indicated. It was also used as a shield for the accommodation areas, it formed a Low Court situated south of the hillock. The third area, situated to the west, is twice the size of the other area. It included a large part of the village (with the church and cemetery) and formed a second Low Court. The bailey and the first Low Court were quickly forsaken by the Lords of Betz, who preferred to live in the village. Later on, circa the 12th century, they built a stone castle at the bottom of the rocky spur. The deserted area was never reoccupied, as during the middle age this space was seen as a feudal vassal symbol. This has influenced the evolution of the village, which only went on to develop itself on the narrow slope of the spur
Une motte castrale dans le contexte des recompositions politiques au tournant de lâan mil (RĂ©gion Centre, Indre-et-Loire)
Le diagnostic archĂ©ologique rĂ©alisĂ© en juillet 2011 au pied de la motte castrale de Betz-le-ChĂąteau, dans le sud de la Touraine, a fourni des donnĂ©es significatives sur les dĂ©fenses mises en place Ă lâĂ©poque fĂ©odale dans le village. La datation du mobilier indique que la motte a Ă©tĂ© construite Ă la fin du xe s., câest-Ă -dire dĂšs les premiers mouvements dâĂ©mancipation des comtes et des princes face aux derniers rois carolingiens. Câest sans doute lâĆuvre de Gilles de Betz, qui sâoctroie ainsi le contrĂŽle des voies de communication et de la population du village, situĂ© sur un Ă©peron rocheux et mentionnĂ© comme chef-lieu de viguerie Ă la fin du ixe s. Construite en barrage sur lâentrĂ©e du plateau, la motte castrale est composĂ©e dâun tertre artificiel entourĂ© par un rĂ©seau de fossĂ©s et une enceinte en terre dĂ©finissant trois espaces protĂ©gĂ©s aux fonctions diffĂ©rentes. Le premier est formĂ© par le tertre dont le sommet accueillait sans doute une tour en bois ; il servait de place-forte et matĂ©rialisait la haute-cour. Le second espace, dâune surface Ă peu prĂšs identique, Ă©tait assurĂ©ment dĂ©volu au stockage des denrĂ©es comme le prouvent les silos retrouvĂ©s. ProtĂ©geant sans doute aussi des rĂ©sidences, il formait une premiĂšre basse-cour directement au sud de la motte. Ă lâouest, le troisiĂšme espace protĂ©gĂ©, deux fois plus grand que les deux autres, englobait sans doute une grande partie du village (avec notamment lâĂ©glise et le cimetiĂšre) et formait une seconde basse-cour. La motte et la premiĂšre basse-cour ont Ă©tĂ© trĂšs vite dĂ©laissĂ©es par les seigneurs de Betz, qui ont sans doute prĂ©fĂ©rĂ© vivre dans le village, avant de se faire construire un chĂąteau en pierre en contrebas de lâĂ©peron, peut-ĂȘtre dĂšs le xiie s. Lâespace dĂ©laissĂ© nâa pourtant pas Ă©tĂ© rĂ©occupĂ©, signe sans doute quâau Moyen Ăge, la motte est demeurĂ©e comme un symbole fĂ©odo-vassalique. Cela a orientĂ© lâĂ©volution du village, qui nâa pu se dĂ©velopper que sur les Ă©troits versants de lâĂ©peron.The archaeological evaluation done in July 2011, at the bottom of the bailey of Betz-le-ChĂąteau, in the south of the Touraine region, gave us significant information about the methods used to defend the village during the feudal era. Dating from the artefacts shows that the bailey was built at the end of the 10th century, a period when counts and princes wanted emancipation from the last Carolingian kings. At this time, Gilles de Betz took under his control all the ways of communication and the village population. The village is situated on a rocky spur and is identified as the chief place of the region at the end of the 9th century. The bailey, built as a protection at the front of the plateau, is made of an artificial hillock surrounded by ditches and earthen rampart, defining three areas with different functions. The first area is the hillock, probably welcoming a wooden tower at its summit; it was used as the stronghold and High Court. The second area was used for food storage, as the silos found on site indicated. It was also used as a shield for the accommodation areas, it formed a Low Court situated south of the hillock. The third area, situated to the west, is twice the size of the other area. It included a large part of the village (with the church and cemetery) and formed a second Low Court. The bailey and the first Low Court were quickly forsaken by the Lords of Betz, who preferred to live in the village. Later on, circa the 12th century, they built a stone castle at the bottom of the rocky spur. The deserted area was never reoccupied, as during the middle age this space was seen as a feudal vassal symbol. This has influenced the evolution of the village, which only went on to develop itself on the narrow slope of the spur
Lâavant-corps de la tour philippienne du chĂąteau de Chinon (Indre-et-Loire) : un exemple dâadaptation dâun standard architectural aux contraintes topographiques
Le â donjon du Coudray â est une tour circulaire de type philippien dont le donjon nâest pas entiĂšrement classique, puisque, contrairement aux autres Ă©rigĂ©s par les ingĂ©nieurs de Philippe Auguste, elle est desservie par un avant-corps rectangulaire donnant accĂšs au premier Ă©tage. Sa fouille et lâĂ©tude fine de ses Ă©lĂ©vations ont permis de sâassurer que cet avant-corps atypique Ă©tait bien contemporain de la tour. On a pu en reconstituer avec certitude les parties disparues. Plus quâun archaĂŻsme contredit par le soin apportĂ© Ă lâĂ©difice tout entier, les auteurs lâinterprĂštent comme une rĂ©ponse ponctuelle Ă une contrainte topographique.The Coudray keep is a circular tower of the Philippe Auguste type. The tower type is not entirely classic, since, as opposed to others erected by the engineers of Philippe Auguste, it is served by a rectangular projection which gives access to the first floor. The excavation and detailed study of its elevations have enabled us to ensure that the unusual projection was really comptemporary with the tower. It was possible to reconstruct its missing sections with certainty. More than just an archaism contradicted by the care given to the building as a whole, the creators construed it as a short term answer to a topographic constraint
Lâavant-corps de la tour philippienne du chĂąteau de Chinon (Indre-et-Loire) : un exemple dâadaptation dâun standard architectural aux contraintes topographiques
Le â donjon du Coudray â est une tour circulaire de type philippien dont le donjon nâest pas entiĂšrement classique, puisque, contrairement aux autres Ă©rigĂ©s par les ingĂ©nieurs de Philippe Auguste, elle est desservie par un avant-corps rectangulaire donnant accĂšs au premier Ă©tage. Sa fouille et lâĂ©tude fine de ses Ă©lĂ©vations ont permis de sâassurer que cet avant-corps atypique Ă©tait bien contemporain de la tour. On a pu en reconstituer avec certitude les parties disparues. Plus quâun archaĂŻsme contredit par le soin apportĂ© Ă lâĂ©difice tout entier, les auteurs lâinterprĂštent comme une rĂ©ponse ponctuelle Ă une contrainte topographique.The Coudray keep is a circular tower of the Philippe Auguste type. The tower type is not entirely classic, since, as opposed to others erected by the engineers of Philippe Auguste, it is served by a rectangular projection which gives access to the first floor. The excavation and detailed study of its elevations have enabled us to ensure that the unusual projection was really comptemporary with the tower. It was possible to reconstruct its missing sections with certainty. More than just an archaism contradicted by the care given to the building as a whole, the creators construed it as a short term answer to a topographic constraint
Assessing real-world vaccine effectiveness against severe forms of SARS-CoV-2 infection: an observational study from routine surveillance data in Switzerland.
BACKGROUND
In Switzerland, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination campaigns started in early 2021. Vaccine coverage reached 65% of the population in December 2021, mostly with mRNA vaccines from Moderna and Pfizer-BioNtech. Simultaneously, the proportion of vaccinated among COVID-19-related hospitalisations and deaths rose, creating some confusion in the general population. We aimed to assess vaccine effectiveness against severe forms of SARS-CoV-2 infection using routine surveillance data on the vaccination status of COVID-19-related hospitalisations and deaths, and data on vaccine coverage in Switzerland.
METHODS
We considered all routine surveillance data on COVID-19-related hospitalisations and deaths received at the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health from 1 July to 1 December 2021. We estimated the relative risk of COVID-19-related hospitalisation or death for not fully vaccinated compared with fully vaccinated individuals, adjusted for the dynamics of vaccine coverage over time, by age and location. We stratified the analysis by age group and by calendar month. We assessed variations in the relative risk of hospitalisation associated with the time since vaccination.
RESULTS
We included a total of 5948 COVID-19-related hospitalisations of which 1245 (21%) were fully vaccinated patients, and a total of 739 deaths of which 259 (35%) were fully vaccinated. We found that the relative risk of COVID-19 related hospitalisation was 12.5 (95% confidence interval [CI] 11.7-13.4) times higher for not fully vaccinated than for fully vaccinated individuals. This translates into a vaccine effectiveness against hospitalisation of 92.0% (95% CI 91.4-92.5%). Vaccine effectiveness against death was estimated to be 90.3% (95% CI 88.6-91.8%). Effectiveness appeared to be comparatively lower in age groups over 70 and during the months of October and November 2021. We also found evidence of a decrease in vaccine effectiveness against hospitalisation for individuals vaccinated for 25 weeks or more, but this decrease appeared only in age groups below 70.
CONCLUSIONS
The observed proportions of vaccinated among COVD-19-related hospitalisations and deaths in Switzerland were compatible with a high effectiveness of mRNA vaccines from Moderna and Pfizer-BioNtech against hospitalisation and death in all age groups. Effectiveness appears comparatively lower in older age groups, suggesting the importance of booster vaccinations. We found inconclusive evidence that vaccine effectiveness wanes over time. Repeated analyses will be able to better assess waning and the effect of boosters
Migratory Pathways and Connectivity in Asian Houbara Bustards: Evidence from 15 Years of Satellite Tracking
Information on migratory pathways and connectivity is essential to understanding population dynamics and structure of migrant species. Our manuscript uses a unique dataset, the fruit of 103 individual Asian houbara bustards captured on their breeding grounds in Central Asia over 15 years and equipped with satellite transmitters, to provide a better understanding of migratory pathways and connectivity; such information is critical to the implementation of biologically sound conservation measures in migrant species. At the scale of the distribution range we find substantial migratory connectivity, with a clear separation of migration pathways and wintering areas between western and eastern migrants. Within eastern migrants, we also describe a pattern of segregation on the wintering grounds. But at the local level connectivity is weak: birds breeding within the limits of our study areas were often found several hundreds of kilometres apart during winter. Although houbara wintering in Arabia are known to originate from Central Asia, out of all the birds captured and tracked here not one wintered on the Arabian Peninsula. This is very likely the result of decades of unregulated off-take and severe habitat degradation in this area. At a time when conservation measures are being implemented to safeguard the long-term future of this species, this study provides critical data on the spatial structuring of populations
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