4 research outputs found
Niobium coaxial cavities with internal quality factors exceeding 1.5 billion for circuit quantum electrodynamics
Group-V materials such as niobium and tantalum have become popular choices
for extending the performance of circuit quantum electrodynamics (cQED)
platforms allowing for quantum processors and memories with reduced error rates
and more modes. The complex surface chemistry of niobium however makes
identifying the main modes of decoherence difficult at millikelvin temperatures
and single-photon powers. We use niobium coaxial quarter-wave cavities to study
the impact of etch chemistry, prolonged atmospheric exposure, and the
significance of cavity conditions prior to and during cooldown, in particular
niobium hydride evolution, on single-photon coherence. We demonstrate cavities
with quality factors of in the
single-photon regime, a fold improvement over aluminum cavities of the
same geometry. We rigorously quantify the sensitivity of our fabrication
process to various loss mechanisms and demonstrate a reduction in
the two-level system (TLS) loss tangent and a improvement in the
residual resistivity over traditional BCP etching techniques. Finally, we
demonstrate transmon integration and coherent cavity control while maintaining
a cavity coherence of \SI{11.3}{ms}. The accessibility of our method, which can
easily be replicated in academic-lab settings, and the demonstration of its
performance mark an advancement in 3D cQED.Comment: 14 pages, 10 figure
Allergic Rhinitis: A Critical Modern Review
Allergic rhinitis addresses a hyperactivity of the resistant framework in any case harmless particles making a fiery reaction where none is required. Allergic Rhinitis is clinically represented by a mixture of two or additional nasal symptoms: running, blocking, itching and sneezing. Allergic rhinitis is regularly partitioned by age, seriousness, and duration of symptoms. Investigation represents how epidemiologic evaluations on the commonness of hypersensitive or allergic rhinitis shift considerably with whether both clinical appraisal and testing were utilized to make the determination. The treatment of allergic rhinitis should combine allergen avoidance, pharmacotherapy and allergen immunotherapy. Treatments of allergic rhinitis include intranasal corticosteroids, oral and topical antihistamines, decongestants, intranasal cromolyn, intranasal anticholinergics. First-generation and Second-generation oral antihistamines and intranasal corticosteroids are the most effective modality for treating allergic rhinitis. Immunotherapy is an efficient immune-modulating treatment that ought to be counseled if pharmacologic medical care for allergic rhinitis isn't effective or not tolerated. This article provides an overview of the prevalence, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and appropriate management of the allergic rhinitis
Definitive Surgery after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Locally Advanced Oral Cavity Cancers: Experience from a Tertiary Care Center
Abstract
Mansi Agrawal
Vidya Konduru
Background Oral cavity cancers require definitive surgical resection as the primary treatment, but with advanced T stage, complete resection with pathologically negative margins might be difficult to achieve. Induction chemotherapy helps achieve the balance between resection and morbidity in locally advanced technically unresectable tumors.
Aim The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of surgery in locally advanced, technically unresectable oral cavity cancers after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT).
Materials and Methods A retrospective analysis of patients with borderline resectable, locally advanced oral cavity cancers who were given NACT between February 2017 and December 2021 was conducted. Data regarding clinical and pathological characteristics, NACT, surgery, adjuvant therapy, and recurrences was analyzed.
Results Of the 69 patients in the study, 69.6% had tongue cancer, rest were gingivobuccal complex cancers. All tumors were resected based on the post-NACT tumor volume and clear margins were achieved in 42% of cases. About 85.4% of the tongue cancers required a lesser resection than anticipated, thereby following the concept of organ and functional preservation post-NACT as proposed by Licitra et al. About 30.4% had ypT0 and 17.4% had ypN0. Recurrence and survival rates noted in our study were comparable to those reported in literature. Lymph node density of more than or equal to 0.07 was found in all recurrent cases.
Conclusions Induction chemotherapy offers a chance of achieving adequate surgical resection while reducing morbidity and improving functional outcomes for patients with technically unresectable oral cavity cancers. Nodal disease may not respond to chemotherapy as well as the primary tumor. There is a need for comprehensive evaluation of prognostic factors, which could help identify the patients who will most benefit with NACT
Predictors of recurrence in oral cavity cancer with clear surgical margins
Introduction: Oral cancers recur in a significant proportion of patients, in spite of aggressive treatment strategies. The presence of a clear surgical margin is an important predictor of recurrent disease, among others. Since oral cancers often recur in the absence of compromised margins, there is a need to study the factors affecting recurrence and overall survival outcomes where clear surgical margins have been achieved during upfront surgery. This study attempts to identify the significant predictors of locoregional recurrence in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) with pathologically clear surgical margins. Methodology: This retrospective study was done to study the clinicopathological parameters associated with recurrence of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in patients with clear surgical margins operated in our unit between January 2010 and December 2015. A total of 526 cases of oral cavity SCC were analyzed and records of 160 cases with clear surgical margins were reviewed for clinical details, histopathological data, and follow-up status. Age, gender, subsite, T–N clinical and pathological staging, tumor depth of invasion, grade of differentiation, lymphovascular invasion, perineural spread, adjuvant therapy, and recurrence details were analyzed. Results: Lymphovascular Invasion was found to be a significant predictor for local recurrence in OSCC in both univariate and multivariate analysis. Median recurrence-free survival was 53.6 months. Conclusion: Despite the best efforts of the surgeon in obtaining adequate tumor-free margins and the most comprehensive adjuvant treatment, recurrence patterns in oral cancers continue to defy accurate prediction. Lymphovascular invasion could be an important predictor of recurrence for oral cavity cancers in patients with clear surgical margins that require aggressive management