Radiological strength assessment of the proximal femur

To Ambroise Pare (1510-1590), the famous French surgeon, credit is given for first recognizing a fracture of the femoral neck. A second step into understanding the pathology of the broken hip was taken by Sir Astley Paston Cooper (1768-1841), as he was the first to underline the importance of the vascularization of the femoral head, describing what is now known as avascular necrosis, Until the 1930's, methods of treatment for hip fractures were mainly conservative. This changed when Smith-Peterson of Boston developed a special nail that could be inserted surgically, thus keeping fracture fragments together '. Surgical results improved mainly by the brilliant work of Jolm Charnley (1911-1982) in England '. His work was followed by the development of numerous devices up to the point where the total joint, including the socket, could be replaced

Skeletal imaging of child abuse (non-accidental injury)

In recent years there has been a worldwide increased awareness that children are physically abused by their carers. Radiologists play a vital role in the detection of inflicted injuries. This article reviews the skeletal imaging findings seen in child abus

Visualization of neural activity of forager honeybee brain by IEGs

We assessed bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition in children with Noonan's syndrome (NS) before and during growth hormone (GH) treatment. Sixteen children (12 boys, 4 girls) with NS aged 5.8-14.2 (mean 10.0) years were studied for 2 years. Anthropometry, BMD measurements by radiographic absorptiometry and bioimpedance measurements (Akern-BIA 101/S) were performed at baseline and after 3, 6, 12 and 24 months. Daily GH dosage was 0.05 mg/kg. Trabecular volumetric BMD was normal; cortical BMD was in the lower normal range at baseline and slightly increased over the 2 years. Fat free mass and total body water were below normal at the start and increased significantly over the first 3 months, with a slight increment thereafter. Percentage fat mass decreased over the first 6 months and increased thereafter. These findings are comparable to the data on body composition in short normal children and girls with Turner's syndrome treated with GH