Effect of Task Oriented and Relational Leadership Style on Employee Performance; Moderating Impact of Communicator Competence

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of task oriented and relational leadership style on employee performance and moderating effect of communicator competence. Data collected from 200 full time working employees via questionnaires, incorporating leadership style, employee performance and communicator competence. Correlation and regression analysis was than employed to examine the relationship, association and effect  of the variables on each other. Results indicated a strong, positive and significant association between supervisor's communication competence, task and relational leadership styles and employee performance Further regression results specify that task and relational leadership style and communication competence effect employee performance positively and significantly. Results point out that communication competence fails to moderate relationship between Task-oriented leadership and employee performance but interactive effect of communication competence is there in between relational leadership style and employee performance, one important finding is that, results prove that relational leader style combined with communication competence have more effect on employee performance. Current study provides a new aspect to focus for the organizations that is importance of communication competence possessed by the leader to enhance employee performance in achieving organizational tasks and goals. Training and enhancing communicator competence is possible so organizations can plan up training sessions in this regards for managers. Thus organization needs to acknowledge the significance of the research highlighting  leadership from the perspective of communication competence  to maximize employee performance for organization efficiency. Keywords: Leadership styles, Communicator competence, Employee performance

Conversion of cardiac bypass into an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuit: a case from Pakistan

A 35 days old neonate with d-loop transposition of great arteries, underwent an arterial switch operation following which he developed hypotension attributed to left ventricular failure. During cardiopulmonary resuscitation decision was made to place him on cardiac bypass again. Due to limited resources and unavailability of a specialized extracorporeal membrane oxygenator machine, the CPB was modified and converted an ECMO. The neonate was successfully decannulated after 72 hours and discharged home after 3 weeks of the operation without any sequel. ECMO is a viable option in developing countries and may help in improving the outcome especially in neonatal congenital heart disease

The relevance and impact of regulatory requirements on German financial institutions’ outsourcing activities

German financial institutions have increased their outsourcing activities and business processes in recent years to achieve cost advantages and to improve their flexibility. However, intensified regulatory requirements related to outsourcing and especially the new 2019 EBA Guidelines on outsourcing arrangements in combination with the revised 2017 German Minimum Requirements on Risk Management (MaRisk) have negatively influenced financial institutions’ outsourcing activities. German financial institutions in this respect have to realign their outsourcing management and readjust their outsourcing activities to comply with the outsourcing regulations and to keep their outsourcing activities profitable. Existing literature into the impact and relevance of outsourcing regulations is limited. With most being qualitative-based, these studies do not have rich and critical insight into understanding the complexities surrounding the theme of outsourcing regulations in the banking environment. Existing literature is more focused on an investigation of the decisions and outcomes of outsourcing, such as the risks and benefits of outsourcing. Reflecting this gap, the aim of this study is to investigate the real impact, meaning and relevance of legal requirements in the outsourcing environment of German financial institutions. This study, following a constructionist methodology, using semi-structured interviews, investigated the perspectives of twelve outsourcing experts from eight banks, two vendors and one management consultancy into the perceived impact and meaning of outsourcing regulations. The interviews were analysed by applying a content analysis framework, before the data was then interpreted and presented. The first key finding of this study is that the new and revised legal requirements have a significant and potentially negative impact on the efficiency of German financial institutions’ outsourcing activities and further lead to the need for German financial institutions to realign their outsourcing management and activities. The second key finding of this study is that the new and revised outsourcing regulations have a significant relevance related to the outsourcing activities of German financial institutions and that attention to the theme of outsourcing management increased in financial institutions due to the intensified legal requirements. The third key finding of this study relates to the practical realigned methods financial institutions executed to meet the legal requirements, including the realignment of their outsourcing management, adjustment of their outsourcing portfolios and perceived future challenges. In conclusion, this study provides new and first-hand qualitative insights and knowledge to practitioners and researchers on how legal requirements influence the outsourcing activities and management of financial institutions, and how financial institutions can realign their outsourcing activities to best comply with the intensified regulations

The Influence of Failover on Software-Defined Network and Conventional Network

The growing use of the Internet resulted in the number of agencies that use two or more internet gateway paths or so-called Internet Service Providers (ISPs) to maintain network availability. Using two or more gateway paths allows break-up of connections on one of the gateway paths. This study aims to determine the effect of failover on SDN and conventional networks that are integrated with load balancing method of ECMP on MikroTik RB951-2n router device. The controller used on the SDN network is OpenDaylight. Testing is done by doing failover test which then data of bandwidth traffic from both network architecture recorded using Graphing tool from MikroTik. For average traffic efficiency without failover influence on conventional network better with difference of 9.8%. And with the difference in efficiency of 0.5% menunujukkan that the effect of failover on the SDN network is still better than the conventional network

Systematic review and meta-analysis of the complications of salvage total laryngectomy

Background and objectives: Management paradigms in laryngeal cancer have shifted to "organ preservation" chemoradiotherapy protocols. hi the event of treatment failure, salvage total laryngectomy remains the only curative treatment option. However a comprehensive review of the complications of this procedure has not been reported. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was performed using keywords "salvage laryngectomy" to retrieve relevant publications between January 2000 and August 2015. Results: Of the 407 articles retrieved from the literature search, 50 studies encompassing 3292 patients were included. Forty-nine studies reported pharyngocutaneous fistula which occurred in 859 patients (pooled incidence 28.9%; 95% confidence intervals 25.5-32.5%). Twenty-four studies reported complications in addition to PCF and these included wound complications (infection, dehiscence and necrosis), dysphagia, bleeding, and pharyngeal and stomal stenosis. Conclusions: Overall complication rate was 67.5%, Pharyngocutaneous fistula was the commonest complication with a pooled incidence of 28.9%. Crown Copyright (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Assessment of coastal sustainable development along the maritime silk road using an integrated natural-economic-social (NES) ecosystem

Understanding spatial change and its driving factors behind coastal development is essential for coastal management and restoration. There is an urgent need for quantitative assessments of sustainable development in the coastal ecosystems that are most affected by anthropogenic activities and climate change. This study built a theme-based evaluation methodology with the Natural-Economic-Social (NES) complex ecosystem and proposed an evaluation system of coastal sustainable development (CSD) to understand the complex interactions between coastal ecosystems and anthropogenic activities. The approach revealed the levels of coastal natural, economic, and social sustainable development in the countries along the Maritime Silk Road (MSR) from 2010 to 2020. The results showed (1) a decreasing trend for coastal sustainable development between 2010 and 2015 and a rapid increasing trend between 2015 and 2020; (2) spatially varied CSD, with higher levels in Europe and Southeast Asia and lower levels in South and West Asia and North Africa; and (3) a strong influence on CSD by a combination of economic and social factors and relatively little influence by natural factors. The study further assessed the natural, economic, and social development scores for 41 countries and compared them with the mean scores (MSR) to classify coastal development patterns into three stages (favorable, transitional, and unfavorable). Finally, in the context of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the study highlighted the importance of more refined global indicators for CSD assessments

Catastrophic risk perceptions and the analysis of risk attitudes of Maize farming in Bangladesh

Risk perceptions and attitudes play a crucial role in agriculture. However, few researches on risk management have been conducted in developing countries. Therefore, keeping view on this knowledge gap, this research made an attempt to measure farmers' perceptions of catastrophic risks, their risk attitude and to assess the influence of farm and farm household features by using probit model, Equally Likely Certainty Equivalent approach and risk matrix. The data were collected through a stratified random sampling method where 350 maize farmers were interviewed from four different agro-ecological districts in Bangladesh. The results showed that most farmers had a risk averse attitude, and floods, heavy rains, pests, and diseases posed potential threats to maize production in the study area. Age, educational status, income, and land ownership were the key determinants for risk attitude while social and farm features play an insignificant role for the farmer's risk perceptions. The vibrant interpretations may further improve understanding of the risk management decisions and will help policymaker to better anticipate which farmer will adopt government support tool in the presence of traditional risk management tools. Also, the extension authority can improve their programs to guide the farmer in a better way to improve the risk management situation