DIFFERENCES IN ONSET TIMING OF MUSCLE ACTIVITIES DURING TWO TYPES OF JUMP LANDINGS

The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in onset timing of muscle activities between single leg landings and double leg landings. Healthy male college students participated in this study. All subjects performed two types of jump landings, single leg and double leg. The muscle activation during jump landings was measured using electromyography. Muscle activity onset occurred earlier during the single leg landing than during double leg landing, however, there were no significant differences between the onset of the quadriceps femoris muscles’ activities and that of the hamstring muscles’ activities. Results showed that the earlier muscle activation during motions such as the single leg landing may contribute to decreasing the impact to the joint

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ANTERIOR TIBIAL TRANSLATION AND ISOMETRIC STRENGTH IN FEMALE ATHLETES

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the isometric strength of the muscles around the knee and hip is associated with anterior tibial translation. Forty-four female high school basketball players participated in this study. Anterior tibial translation was measured with a Kneelax 3 arthrometer. The isometric strengths of knee flexion, knee extension, and hip abduction were determined with a hand-held dynamometer. In the case of both the legs, significant correlations were found between the anterior tibial translation, knee extension strength, and hamstring/quadriceps strength (H/Q) ratio. No significant correlations were found between the anterior tibial translation and the knee flexion and hip abduction strengths. Muscle imbalance between the quadriceps and hamstring muscles may lead to greater anterior tibial translation

Nicotine promotes lymph node metastasis and cetuximab resistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is overexpressed in many cancers and is associated with worse prognosis. EGF binds to its cell surface receptor (EGFR), which induces EGFR phosphorylation. Phosphorylated EGFR (p‑EGFR) is translocated into the nucleus, which increases cancer cell activity. Nicotine, which is one of the main components of tobacco, is absorbed through pulmonary alveoli and mucosal epithelia in the head and neck region by smoking and moves into the blood. Nicotine in blood binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in the central nervous system and serves a crucial role in tobacco addiction. Although nAChR localization is thought to be limited in the nervous system, nAChR is present in a wide variety of non‑neuronal cells, including cancer cells. Recent studies suggest that nicotine contributes to the metastasis and resistance to anti‑cancer drugs of various cancer cells. However, it remains unknown whether head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells can utilize nicotine‑nAChR signaling to metastasize and acquire resistance to anti‑cancer drugs, even though the mucosal epithelia of the head and neck region are the primary sites of exposure to tobacco smoke. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to demonstrate the role of nicotine in metastasis and anti‑EGFR‑therapy resistance of HNSCC. The present findings demonstrated that nicotine increased proliferation, migration, invasion, p‑EGFR nuclear translocation and protein kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation in HNSCC cells. It was also demonstrated that nicotine restored cetuximab‑inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion of HNSCC cells. Finally, an in vivo experiment revealed that nicotine increased lymph node metastasis of xenografted tumors, whereas an nAChR inhibitor suppressed lymph node metastasis and p‑EGFR nuclear localization of xenografted tumors. Taken together, these results demonstrated that nicotine induced nuclear accumulation of p‑EGFR, and activation of Akt signaling. These signaling pathways elevated the activities of HNSCC cells, causing lymph node metastasis and serving a role in cetuximab resistance

Transcriptional Regulation of an Evolutionary Conserved Intergenic Region of CDT2-INTS7

In the mammalian genome, a substantial number of gene pairs (approximately 10%) are arranged head-to-head on opposite strands within 1,000 base pairs, and separated by a bidirectional promoter(s) that generally drives the co-expression of both genes and results in functional coupling. The significance of unique genomic configuration remains elusive.Here we report on the identification of an intergenic region of non-homologous genes, CDT2, a regulator of DNA replication, and an integrator complex subunit 7 (INTS7), an interactor of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II. The CDT2-INTS7 intergenic region is 246 and 245 base pairs long in human and mouse respectively and is evolutionary well-conserved among several mammalian species. By measuring the luciferase activity in A549 cells, the intergenic human sequence was shown to be able to drive the reporter gene expression in either direction and notably, among transcription factors E2F, E2F1 approximately E2F4, but not E2F5 and E2F6, this sequence clearly up-regulated the reporter gene expression exclusively in the direction of the CDT2 gene. In contrast, B-Myb, c-Myb, and p53 down-regulated the reporter gene expression in the transcriptional direction of the INTS7 gene. Overexpression of E2F1 by adenoviral-mediated gene transfer resulted in an increased CDT2, but not INTS7, mRNA level. Real-time polymerase transcription (RT-PCR) analyses of the expression pattern for CDT2 and INTS7 mRNA in human adult and fetal tissues and cell lines revealed that transcription of these two genes are asymmetrically regulated. Moreover, the abundance of mRNA between mouse and rat tissues was similar, but these patterns were quite different from the results obtained from human tissues.These findings add a unique example and help to understand the mechanistic insights into the regulation of gene expression through an evolutionary conserved intergenic region of the mammalian genome

看護基礎教育における「ベッドメーキング」の授業の実態調査

本研究の目的は、全国の看護教育機関での、看護基礎教育における『ベッドメーキング』の授業状況と教育機関の特徴を把握することである。全国看護系学校で授業担当している教員403人から得られた結果は以下の通りであった。1.講義時間数は0～1800分と幅があり、養成所が有意に長かった。(p<05)演習時間も0～1440分と幅があった。2.指導案を「他教員意見」を取り入れ作成している短大が多かった。(p<05)また、養成所は「教材」から作成する傾向があり(p<01)、他機関と有意に差があった。(p<05)3.演習で教員1人あたりが担当する学生数は、平均15.9人であった。4.教材:(1)上掛けは上シーツ・毛布・スプレッドの組み合わせで使用している割合が大学・短大・養成所の全体で75.4%と最も多かった。(2)大学は既成の横シーツを使用している割合が高く、使用するリネン類が多くの教科書と異なっていた。(3)養成所は、ゴム製防水シーツを使用している割合が高かった。5.いずれの教育機関でも『ベッドメーキング』の授業では、理論に基づいた看護技術の習得方法、ボディメカニクス、熟練するための練習の必要性などの内容を含めており、看護技術教育の導入として位置づけていた。The purpose of this research is to grasp the characteristic of a class state and the educational institution of "Bed Making" in the case of nursing basic education in national nursing educational tions. The results which were achived gotten from 403 teachers who took charge of the class at the national nursing system school were as follows. 1. The lecture hours were 0～1800 minutes. Nursing schools also had significantly longer hours of training exercise than colleges and junior colleges. The hours of training exercise were 0～1440minutes. 2. There were many junior colleges which created "the other teacher opinion" in the introduction in the guide plan. Nursing schools created "the teaching materials" 3. The average number of students per teacher was 15.9. 4. Course material: (1) 75.4% of the organizations of nursing education in Japan teach the traditional bed making method that combines a bed spread, blanket and top sheet. (2) Colleges had a significantly higher ratio of using ready-made care sheets. (3) Nursing schools had a higher ratio using rubber waterproof sheets. 5. In lessons for "Bed Making", the contents of "Learning Method of Nursing Technique based on Theory", "Body Mechanics" and "Necessity of Practice for Proficiency" are added and regarded as introductions to nursing technique education

Identification and functional analysis of a splice variant of mouse sodium-dependent phosphate transporter Npt2c

Mutations in the SLC34A3 gene, a sodium-dependent inorganic phosphate (Pi) cotransporter, also referred to as NaPi IIc, causes hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets with hypercalciuria (HHRH), an autosomal recessive disorder. In human and rodent, NaPi IIc is mainly localized in the apical membrane of renal proximal tubular cells. In this study, we identified mouse NaPi IIc variant (Npt2c-v1) that lacks the part of the exon 3 sequence that includes the assumed translation initiation site of Npt2c. Microinjection of mouse Npt2c-v1 cRNA into Xenopus oocytes demonstrated that Npt2c-v1 showed sodium-dependent Pi cotransport activity. The characterization of pH dependency showed activation at extracellular alkaline-pH. Furthermore, Npt2c-v1 mediated Pi transport activity was significantly higher at any pH value than those of Npt2c. In an in vitro study, the localization of the Npt2c-v1 protein was detected in the apical membrane in opossum kidney cells. The expression of Npt2c-v1 mRNA was detected in the heart, spleen, testis, uterus, placenta, femur, cerebellum, hippocampus, diencephalon and brain stem of mouse. Using mouse bone primary cultured cells, we showed the expression of Npt2c-v1 mRNA. In addition, the Npt2c protein was detected in the spermatozoa head. Thus, Npt2c-v1 was expressed in extra-renal tissues such as epididymal spermatozoa and may function as a sodium-dependent phosphate transporter

看護学生の臨地実習における倫理的問題の遭遇と道徳的感性との関連

看護系短期大学の臨地実習を終了した3年生を対象とし、「臨床実習での倫理的問題の遭遇の有無により道徳感性に対する反応が異なるか」を探るために調査を実施した。臨地実習で倫理的問題の認知の有無の調査と共にLutzenのMST(Moral Sensitivity Test, 1994)を中村らが一部改変し作成した内容項目を調査用紙に用いた。データはA群(倫理的問題遭遇群)13名、B群(倫理的問題非遭遇群)13名である。百分率の比較、U検定、MST要素、因子分析、主成分分析結果をもとに、A群とB群の違いについて調査・分析した結果、A群の特徴は『医師への信頼』の高さであり、それは自らの『責任感』に裏打ちされた『実践重視』の姿勢からくる『プロ意識』を反映していた。これに対してB群は、「ターミナル期のアルコール中毒患者がグラス一杯のウイスキーを求めたら、この望みをかなえるのは自分の仕事である」という項目に対する肯定的な反応が端的に示すように、『患者との同化』にその特徴があった。I intended for the third graders who finished to go to the actual place of training at the junior college pro-nursing and carried out an investigation to investigate whether "reaction for morality sensitivity was different by the presence of an enouncing ethical problems in the clinical training". I used the contents item which Nakamura changed MST (Moral Sensitivity Test, 1994) of Lutzen with investigation of the presence of recognition of an ethical problems by going to the actual training place partly and made an investigation paper. The data are 13 A group (ethical problems experience group), B group (ethical problems fault experience group) 13. As a result of having analyzed , the characteristics of A group it was the height of "trust of the doctor", based on the comparison of the percentage, of U official approval, an MST element, and a factor, analysis. Chief ingredient analysis, was reflected "professional consciousness" to come to one\u27s own "sense of responsibility" from the posture of lined "practice and serious consideration" for investigators the difference between A and B group. In B group, there were characteristics in "assimilation with the patient". For this so that affirmative reaction for the item "was one\u27s work to grant this wish if an alcoholic patient in the terminal period demanded whiskey a glassful" was showed plainly

DECIGO pathfinder

DECIGO pathfinder (DPF) is a milestone satellite mission for DECIGO (DECi-hertz Interferometer Gravitational wave Observatory) which is a future space gravitational wave antenna. DECIGO is expected to provide us fruitful insights into the universe, in particular about dark energy, a formation mechanism of supermassive black holes, and the inflation of the universe. Since DECIGO will be an extremely large mission which will formed by three drag-free spacecraft with 1000m separation, it is significant to gain the technical feasibility of DECIGO before its planned launch in 2024. Thus, we are planning to launch two milestone missions: DPF and pre-DECIGO. The conceptual design and current status of the first milestone mission, DPF, are reviewed in this article