11 research outputs found
Grenzwerte für Transformationsprodukte. Herleitung von ökotoxikologisch basierten Grenzwerten für TP von Pharmazeutika: eine Fallstudie
Bei der ökotoxikologischen Bewertung von Pharmazeutika stehen bisher vor allem die Muttersubstanzen im Fokus. Dies ist vor allem dem Umstand geschuldet, dass für ihre Transformationsprodukte (TP) meist nur wenige, wenn überhaupt, ökotoxikologische Effektwerte vorhanden sind. Am Beispiel von Carbamazepin, Clarithromycin und Metformin und deren fünf Haupt-TP wurden verschiedene Bewertungskonzepte für TP angewendet und verglichen. Basierend auf diesem Vergleich werden Handlungsmöglichkeiten für die Bewertung von TP aufgezeigt und diskutiert
Coupling High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography with Bacterial Genotoxicity Bioreporters
We present an innovative technological
platform for monitoring
the direct genotoxicity of individual components in complex environmental
samples, based on bioluminescent <i>Escherichia coli</i> genotoxicity bioreporters, sprayed onto the surface of a high-performance
thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) plate. These sensor strains harbor
plasmid-borne fusions of selected gene promoters of the <i>E.
coli</i> SOS DNA repair system to the <i>Photorhabdus luminescens
luxABCDE</i> gene cassette, and mark by increased luminescence
the presence of potentially DNA-damaging sample components separated
on the plate. We demonstrate an “on plate” quantifiable
dose-dependent response to several model genotoxicants (without metabolic
activation). We further demonstrate the applicability of the system
by identifying as genotoxic specific components of HPTLC-separated
influent and effluent samples of wastewater treatment plants, thereby
alleviating the need for a comprehensive chemical analysis of the
sample
Coupling high-performance thin-layer chromatography with a battery of cell-based assays reveals bioactive components in wastewater and landfill leachates
Detection and Quantification of Photosystem II Inhibitors Using the Freshwater Alga Desmodesmus subspicatus in Combination with High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography
Evaluation of Three ISO Estrogen Receptor Transactivation Assays Applied to 52 Domestic Effluent Samples
Estrogens are released to the aquatic environment by wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents and can affect wildlife. In the last three decades, many in vitro assay platforms have been developed to detect and quantify estrogenicity in water. In 2018, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standardized protocols became available for three types of in vitro estrogen receptor transactivation assays (ERTAs) detecting estrogenicity in 96-well plates (ISO19040 1-3). Two ERTAs-lyticase Yeast Estrogen Screen (L-YES) and Arxula YES (A-YES)-use genetically modified yeast strains, whereas the third utilizes stably transfected human cells. One human cell based assay is ER alpha-CALUX, which is based on a genetically modified human bone osteosarcoma cell line. In the present study, we characterized the performance, comparability, and effectiveness of these three ERTAs, including an evaluation involving proposed water quality thresholds (effect-based trigger values [EBTs]). For a robust evaluation, we collected 52 effluent samples over three sampling campaigns at 15 different WWTPs in Switzerland. Estrogen receptor transactivation assay results were correlated and compared with results from chemical analysis targeting known estrogens. The three ERTAs showed comparable data over all campaigns. However, the selection of EBTs plays a significant role in the interpretation and comparison of bioassay results to distinguish between acceptable and unacceptable water quality. Applying a fixed cross-assay EBT for effluent of 4 ng L-1 resulted in varying numbers of threshold exceedances ranging between zero and four samples depending on the ERTA used. Using assay-specific EBTs showed exceedances in eight samples (ER alpha-CALUX) and in one sample (A-YES), respectively. Thus, proposed EBTs do not produce similar risk profiles across samples and further refinement of assay-specific EBTs is needed to account for assay-specific differences and to enable the application of ERTAs as effect-based methods in environmental monitoring. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;00:1-15. (c) 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.ISSN:0277-2248ISSN:1029-0486ISSN:0092-986
Combination of yeast-based in vitro screens with high-performance thin-layer chromatography as a novel tool for the detection of hormonal and dioxin-like compounds
Yeast-Based Fluorescent Sensors for the Simultaneous Detection of Estrogenic and Androgenic Compounds, Coupled with High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography
Bioavailability of estrogenic compounds from sediment in the context of flood events evaluated by passive sampling
Enhancing the Mechanical Strength of Electrolyte Supported Solid Oxide Cells with Thin and Dense Doped-Ceria Interlayers
Bioavailability and impacts of estrogenic compounds from suspended sediment on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).
Numerous environmental pollutants have the potential to accumulate in sediments, and among them are endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). It is well documented that water-borne exposure concentrations of some potent EDCs, more specifically estrogenic- active compounds (ECs), can impair the reproduction of fish. In contrast, little is known about the bioavailability and effects of sediment-associated ECs on fish. Particularly, when sediments are disturbed, e.g., during flood events, chemicals may be released from the sediment and become bioavailable. The main objectives of this study were to evaluate a) whether ECs from the sediment become bioavailable to fish when the sediment is suspended, and b) whether such exposure leads to endocrine responses in fish. Juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed over 21 days to constantly suspended sediments in the following treatments: i) a contaminated sediment from the Luppe River, representing a "hotspot" for EC accumulation, ii) a reference sediment (exhibiting only background contamination), iii) three dilutions, 2-, 4- and 8-fold of Luppe sediment diluted with the reference sediment, and iv) a water-only control. Measured estrogenic activity using in vitro bioassays as well as target analysis of nonylphenol and estrone via LC-MS/MS in sediment, water, fish plasma, as well as bile samples, confirmed that ECs became bioavailable from the sediment during suspension. ECs were dissolved in the water phase, as indicated by passive samplers, and were readily taken up by the exposed trout. An estrogenic response of fish to Luppe sediment was indicated by increased abundance of transcripts of typical estrogen responsive genes, i.e. vitelline envelope protein α in the liver and vitellogenin induction in the skin mucus. Altered gene expression profiles of trout in response to suspended sediment from the Luppe River suggest that in addition to ECs a number of other contaminants such as dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and heavy metals were remobilized during suspension. The results of the present study demonstrated that sediments not only function as a sink for ECs but can turn into a significant source of pollution when sediments are resuspended as during flood-events. This highlights the need for sediment quality criteria considering bioavailability sediment-bound contaminants in context of flood events